太湖流域农村生活污水处理技术模式调查和分析——以江苏省为例

Investigation and Analysis on Technical Modes of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment in Taihu Lake Basin:Taking Jiangsu Province as an Example

通过对太湖流域农村生活污水处理技术模式的调查研究,选取4种典型处理技术:DSP-SH(Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic,A^2/O)生物脱氮除磷技术、Hy Wat海沃特复合生物滤池技术、膜生物反应技术(Membrane Bio-Reactor,MBR)以及活性污泥法(Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge,SBR)进行分析比较。结果表明:除Hy Wat海沃特复合生物滤池技术处理效果基本达标外,DSP-SH(A^2/O)技术、SBR技术以及MBR技术对氮、磷去除效果较差,均未稳定达到一级B标准,需定期加药提高去除率。4种污水处理技术的投资及占地面积均较低,DSP-SH(A^2/O)和Hy Wat海沃特复合生物滤池技术的操作管理和后续维护均比较方便;MBR技术污水处理效果好,但运行费用较高,适用于经济较发达或对出水要求较高的地区;SBR技术运行方便灵活且费用适中,适用于受地形、占地面积限制的农村集中居住地。只有因地制宜地选用水处理技术模式,并结合稳定有效的资金投入和管理维护机制,才能保障农村生活污水处理达到预期目标。

According to the wide investigation on the current rural domestic wastewater treatment in the Taihu Lake basin, four typical treatment technologies, including DSP-SH(Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic,A^2/O), Hy Wat compound bio-filter, membrane bio-reactor(MBR)and sequencing batch reactor activated sludge(SBR),were selected and had been monitored for eight months. The results showed that the wastewater treatment effect of Hy Wat compound bio-filter could meet the emission standard while DSP-SH(A^2/O), SBR and MBR had poor removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, which needed to add medicine to improve the removal rate. The operation and management of DSP-SH(A^2/O) and Hy Wat compound bio-filter were more convenient. MBR process was suitable for the economically developed areas or the areas with high water-quality demand, because it had a good treatment effect with high running cost. SBR process was easy to operate flexibly and affordably, which was suitable for the densely populated areas with topography or land area restrictions. Our research concluded that choosing sewage technology should consider the local conditions combined with stable and effective capital investment and management and maintenance mechanisms to guarantee the rural sewage treatment effect.