阿伦特判断力思想的流变——从公民理性到鉴赏判断

The Transformation of Arendt's Thinking on Judgment——From Civic Rationality to Aesthetic Judgment

阿伦特理解"哲学与政治"的古老冲突,因此反对将政治的理解哲学化。相对于真理,阿伦特认为在政治生活中,公民理性比哲学理性更重要,这意味着公民个人应有多样化的意见和观点。然而,多样化的意见难免有主观主义倾向,为了化解个体化的政治意见滑入主观主义的深渊,阿伦特力图寻找意见的确定性根源,并转向从康德第三批判中的鉴赏判断力中吸取理论资源。阿伦特解读了鉴赏判断的社会性、公共性及可交流性的特征,并认为鉴赏判断在某种程度上支持了政治判断的可能性与客观性基础。

Hannah Arendt realized the inherent conflict between philosophy and politics,so she rejected to philosophize political understanding.Arendt proposed that civic rationality( practical reason) was more significant than theoretical reason in political life,which means citizens' diversified opinions were more critical than philosophical truth in politics. However,citizens' different opinions were easy to slide into subjectivity. To seek the universality of those diversified opinions,Arendt turned to Kant's aesthetic judgment for theoretical resources. Arendt elucidated the features of the judgment of taste including sociality,publicity and communication,and raised that the judgment of taste could certify the possibility and objectivity of political judgment to some extent.