略论司马迁的循吏观——以《史记·循吏列传》为中心

On the Wise Official View of Sima Qian Based on Xun Li Biographies in Historical Records

《循吏列传》是《史记》的"人物类传"之一。司马迁在《循吏列传》首次使用"循吏"之名,提出奉法循理、恪守本职是循吏的基本要求。《史记·循吏列传》记叙了春秋战国时期孙叔敖、子产、公仪休、石奢、李离等五位"循吏"的事迹,向世人展示了以礼、以德来治国为官的例证,体现了司马迁独特的循吏观:崇尚"德治";强调"奉法循理";推崇"因循""无为",树立了一种衡量吏治的价值标准,表现对"贤明德治"的政治期待。

Xun Li Biographies is one of the biographies for characters in Historical Records. For the first time,Sima Qian using the word "Xun Li"put forward that the wise official should comply with the law and abide by the basic requirements,which recorded the famous wise officials in Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,such as Sun Shuao,Zi Chan,Gong Yixiu,Shi She and Lili,which set the examples for those officials managed state affairs with etiquette and law,reflecting Sima Qian's unique view for officials,advocating"rule of virtue",emphasizing"following the legal principle",advocating"following causality"and "letting things take their own course",which set up a value standard of judging official measures and reflected the political expectation for "wise rule of virtue".