《左传》中的贿赂及其评价与影响

Study of Instances of Bribery in Zuo Zhuan and Their Assessments and Influences

《左传》中记载了大量春秋时代的贿赂事件。作者在史事的记录中,对于贿赂行为以及贿赂事件中各方人物行为的正义性及其结果,提出了自己的看法。凡政以贿成,便会产生长远的消极影响,执政者受殃灭族,亡国丧邦;凡政以义成,便会产生长远的积极影响,家族、邦国被泽数世。作者对"贿"与历史事件之间因果关系的阐释,也是《左传》"尽而不污,惩恶而扬善"的表现之一,这一积极的价值观念为后世注疏者所继承,一定程度上影响了对《左传》文本的解读。

A large number of cases of bribery in the Spring and Autumn period are recorded in Zuo Zhuan. In the historical records, the author puts forward his own opinions on the justice and the results of the behaviors of both parties involved in bribery. When government officials take bribes in their practice of public authorities, the long-term negative effects will take root. The rulers will be wiped out and the state will be lost. If the government is justified, the long-term positive impact will stay, and both the royal family and the state shall be nourished and thrive. The author interprets the causal relationship between historical events and bribery, echoing the idea of＂doing the utmost with no corruption, praising virtue and punishing vice.＂This positive value is inherited by later annotators and has an influence on the textual interpretation of Zuo Zhuan to a certain extent