侵权法上损害内涵的三维解读

Three-dimensional interpretation of damage in tort law

传统侵权法强调其补偿功能,对于损害之理解持差额说的观点,因而将损害仅限于损害结果即行为人给他人所造成的不利后果,侵权行为未造成实际损害者,则不产生侵权责任的负担。然而伴随侵权法损害观从差额说到规范损害说的过渡,以及近代以来侵权法预防功能的加强,侵权法上的损害已然突破实际损害的限制,发展至包含损害结果、侵害行为和损害发生之现实危险的三维状态。

The traditional tort law emphasizes its function of compensation to view the damage as balance theory,so that the damage is limited to the result of the damage,that is,the adverse consequences of the perpetrator made to others.If the infringement does not cause actual damage,there will be no burden of tort liability.However,with the transition of the infringement of the damage from the balance theory to the standard damage,as well as the strengthening of the preventive function of the tort law in modern times,the damage in tort law has broken through the actual damage and developed to three-dimensional state of realistic danger,including the results of damage,activities of damage and occurrence of damage.