李严“统内外军事”考

A Study on Li Yan's “Commanding the Domestic and Foreign Military Affairs”

《三国志·李严传》中关于李严受命托孤的记载常常被研究蜀汉政治的学者引用,作为李严曾受命托孤掌握蜀汉最高军事权力并有着与诸葛亮相当的政治地位之明证。但笔者认为,章武三年时,李严虽与诸葛亮同为接受遗诏之重臣,但却并未受命掌握蜀汉最高军事权力。诸多研究者之所以有此误会,是因为错误地理解了"统内外军事"一词的含义造成的。根据后汉三国的兵制与《三国志》的书法惯例,"统内外军事"的真正含义是负责对吴的军事事务而非统领全国军事事务。

The record of the story in The History of the Three Kingdoms that Li Yan was assigned to entrust an or-phan is frequently quoted by scholars working on the research of the politic of the Kingdom of Shu - Han, as the ev-idence proving that Li Yan was indeed assigned to entrust an orphan and to be in charge of the supreme military power of the Kingdom of Shu - Han, enjoying a political status as high as that of Zhuge Liang. However, the author believes that though Li Yan as well as Zhuge Liang received the testament in the third year of Zhangwu, he was not assigned the supreme military power of the Kingdom of Shu - Han. Such mistake results from the scholars ’ misun-derstanding of u commanding the domestic and foreign military affairs ”. According to the military system of the Three Kingdoms in the later Han Dynasty and the convention of the calligraphy in The History of the Three King-doms , the authors argues that u commanding the domestic and foreign military affairs” means to be responsible for the military affairs concerning Wu instead of commanding the military affairs of the whole country.