平衡膳食是防治原发性高血压病的基石

A Balanced Diet as the Cornerstone of Prevention and Treatment of Primary Hypertension

我国城市和农村地区人群高血压的患病率均逐年增高。高血压的发生除与年龄、遗传等因素有关外,膳食因素在高血压发病中的作用不容小觑,如高盐饮食、低钾饮食、能量摄入过多、膳食模式不合理等。因此,膳食干预是高血压的重要防治措施之一。国内外研究证实,DASH(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)饮食、地中海饮食等平衡膳食模式具有预防或治疗高血压的作用,尤其是DASH饮食被诸多国家高血压防治指南所推荐。我国2014年版高血压防治指南中明确给出了低盐膳食处方,但在膳食的其他方面未给予详细指导建议。由于我国各地饮食的巨大差异以及经济发展的不平衡,照搬国外膳食模式来预防高血压的发生可能存在一定困难。本文结合笔者的前期研究、国内外高血压膳食研究进展,详细阐述膳食在高血压发病和防治中的作用,探讨适合我国居民的平衡膳食模式,旨在为高血压防治提供新的方向。

The prevalence of hypertension increases in urban and rural areas of China year by year. Besides geneticfactors, age and so on, diet is also related to the occurrence of hypertension, such as high - salt diet, low - potassium diet, excessive calorie intake, and unreasonable dietary structure play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Therefore, dietary intervention is one of the important measures to prevent and control the incidence of hypertension. Study of home andabroad have proved that balanced diet patterns, such as the DASH （ Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension） diet and theMediterranean diet, have function of the prevention or treatment of hypertension, especially guidelines for the prevention and control of hypertension of many countries. Guidelines for the Prevention and Control ofHypertension in China 2014 presents a low - salt diet prescription but without detailed suggestions for other diets. For China as a country with diets varying from place to place, and imbalanced economic development, it might be unsuitable if we copy the abroad diet patterns to prevent the incidence of hypertension. In this paper, based on the developments in diets for hypertension at home and abroad, we elaborated the role of diet in the prevention and control ofhypertension, and discussed the balanced diet suitable for Chinese residents, aiming to provide some new insights for theprevention and control of hypertension.