无偿献血对健康相关生命质量影响的研究

Effect of Unpaid Blood Donation on Health-related Quality of Life

目的调查无偿献血者的健康相关生命质量(HRQo L),并分析其影响因素。方法于2015年7—11月,在北京市红十字血液中心的献血小屋和采血车上调查无偿献血者及陪同的未献血者;委托献血志愿者在进行志愿服务时发放问卷并辅助调查;在专业调查网站上发布电子版调查问卷。对调查对象个人信息、生活习惯、献血信息进行调查;并采用简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)对其HRQoL进行调查。结果共发放问卷749份,回收725份,有效662份,有效回收率为88.38%。不同献血次数者生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、一般健康状况(GH)、生理领域(PCS)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、精神健康(MH)、心理领域(MCS)评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中献血1~4次、5~9次、≥10次者PF、RP、BP、GH、PCS、VT、SF、MCS评分均高于献血0次者;献血5~9次者SF评分高于献血1~4次者;献血≥10次者GH、PCS、VT、SF、MH、MCS评分均高于献血1~4次者,MH、MCS评分均高于献血5~9次者(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,献血次数是PF、RP评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、文化程度、体质指数(BMI)是BP、PCS、SF评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、文化程度、运动习惯、睡眠时间、BMI是GH评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、运动习惯、BMI是VT评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、文化程度、饮酒习惯、运动习惯、BMI是MH、MCS评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论无偿献血者的HRQo L优于未献血者,多次献血行为与较高的HRQo L关系紧密。同时,无偿献血者的HRQo L也会受到行为生活方式等因素的影响。

Objective To investigate the health - related quality of life （ HRQoL） of unpaid blood donors and toexplore its influencing factors. Methods From July to November 2015 , voluntary blood donors and thblood donors） in the blood donation house and blood collecting vehicle of Beijing Red Cross Blood Ceblood donation volunteers wer^ entrusted to distribute questionnaires and to assist in the investigation.were released on the professional survey website to investigate the personal information , living habits , blood donationinformation. The 36 - item Short - Form Health Surey Questionnaire （SF-36） was used to survey their HRQoL. Results Atotal of 749 questionnaires were sent out , 725 were recovered , 662 were effective with an effective response rate of 88. 38%. There was significant difference in the score of physiological function （ PF） , role physical （ RP） , bodily pain （ BP） , general health status （ GH ）, physical component summary （ PCS ） , vitality （ VT）, social function （ SF ）, mental health （ MH ）, psychological component summary （MCS） among people of different blood donating times （P 〈0. 05） ; the scores of PF , RP , BP, GH , PCS , VT , SF and MCS among people with a donation of 1 to 4 times, 5 to 9 times, and ^ 10 times were higherthan those of non - blood donors ; the score of SF among people with a donation of 5 to 9 times was higher than those of people with a donation of 1 to 4 times ; the scores of GH , PCS , VT , SF , MH and MCS among people with a donation ^ 10 times were higher than those of people with a donation of 1 to 4 times , and their scores of MH and MCS were higher than those of people with a donation of 5 to 9 times （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the times of blood donation was the influencing factor of PF and RP scores （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The times of blood donation , educational level and BMI were the influencing factors of BP , PCS , and SF score （P 〈0. 05）..The times of blood donation , educational level , exercise habit , sland BMI were the influencing factors of GH score （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The times of blood donation , exercise habit and BMI were the influencing factors of VT score （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The times of blood donation , educational level , drinking habits , exercise habits ,and BMI were the influencing factors of MH and MCS score （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The HRQoL of unpaid blood donors is better than that of the non - blood donors. Many blood donation acts are closely related to high HRQoL. At the same time , HRQoL of unpaid blood donors will also be affected by factors such as behaviors and lifestyles.