面孔吸引力对学龄前儿童分配情境下公平行为的影响研究

Influence of Facial Attractiveness on the Fair Distribution in Preschool Children

目的考察面孔吸引力对学龄前儿童分配情境下公平行为的影响。方法于2013年6—7月在北京市某幼儿园随机选择4岁、6岁儿童各40名,进行第三方分配任务。被试在每个试次中看到不同的一组照片,一张为面孔吸引力程度高,一张为面孔吸引力程度低。被试要对每组中两名接受者分配代币,分配数量分别为1、2、3颗,每个数量分配两次,共6个试次。采用重复测量方差分析儿童对不同面孔吸引力程度的接受者分配代币的数量。结果重复测量方差分析结果显示,面孔吸引力程度与年龄交互作用显著[F_((1,76))=15.55,P<0.05];简单效应分析发现,4 岁儿童分配给面孔吸引力程度高和面孔吸引力程度低的接受者的代币数量差异无统计学意义(F=1.93,P=0.43);6 岁儿童偏好分配给面孔吸引力程度高的接受者(F=27.84,P<0.01)。分配1颗代币时,面孔吸引力程度主效应显著[F_((1,76))=5.85,P<0.05]。分配2颗代币时,面孔吸引力与年龄交互作用显著[F_((1,76))=11.63,P<0.05];简单效应分析发现,4岁儿童分配给面孔吸引力程度高和面孔吸引力程度低的接受者的代币数量差异无统计学意义(F=0.27,P=0.60);6岁儿童偏好分配给面孔吸引力程度高的接受者(F=28.56,P<0.01)。分配3颗代币时,面孔吸引力程度与年龄交互作用显著[F_((1,76))=7.04,P<0.05];简单效应分析发现,4岁儿童分配给面孔吸引力程度高和面孔吸引力程度低的接受者的代币数量差异无统计学意义(F=0.03,P=0.86);6岁儿童偏好分配给面孔吸引力程度高的接受者(F=15.41,P<0.01)。结论接受者的面孔吸引力会影响学龄前儿童的公平分配行为。随着年龄增长,儿童越来越偏爱分给面孔吸引力程度高的接受者更多资源。

Objective To investigate the effect of facial attractiveness on the fair distribution in preschool children.Methods From June to July 2013, 40 4 - year - old children and 40 6 - year - old children were randomly selected from a kindergarten in Beijing for a third - party distribution task. Children saw different photograph pairs in each task, one was high facial attractiveness, te other was low facial attractiveness. Then the children were assigned to allocate 1, 2 , 3 tokens to thehigh and low facial attractiveness recipients. Each number were allocated twice. Participants completed 6 test trials. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the number of tokens allocated to the high and low facial attractiveness recipients by the children. Results Repeated measures ANOVA found that facial attractiveness and age exerted significant interaction effect onthe distribution of the children〔 76） = 15. 5 5 ,P 〈0. 0 5 〕. Simple effect analysis demonstratedand low facial attractiveness received similar amount of tokens distributed by 4 - year - old children （F = 1.93 , P = 0 .4 3 ）,while 6 - year - old children preferred to allocate tokens to high facial attractiveness recipients （ F = 27. 84, P 〈 0. 01 ） . When allocating 1 token, facial attractiveness had significant main effect on the distribution of the children [ F （1 76） = 5. 8 5 ,P 〈 0. 05〕. As for the allocation of 2 tokens, facial attractiveness and age produced obvious interaction effect on the distribution ofthe children [ F （1 76） = 11. 6 3 ,P 〈0. 0 5〕; simple effect analysis found that 4 - year - old children distributed similar amount of tokens to both the recipients with high and low facial attractiveness （ F = 0. 27 ,P - 0 . 66 ）, whereas 6 - year - old children inclined to distribute tokens to the recipients with high facial attractiveness （F = 28. 56,P 〈0. 01） . With regard to distributing 3 tokens, facial attractiveness and age made significant interaction effect on the distribution of the children [F（176） = 7. 04,P 〈 0. 05〕; simple effect analysis showed that 4 - year - old children distributed similar amount of tokens to both the recipients withhigh and low facial attractiveness （ F = 0. 03 ,P = 0. 86 ）, but 6 - year - old children tended to distribute tokens to the recipients with high facial attractiveness （F = 15.41,P 〈 0 . 0 1 ） . Conclusion The attractiveness of the recipient＇s face may affect thefair distribution of preschool children. And with the increasing of the age, children have more preference for the high facialattractiveness recipients.