适婚单身女性的宗教信仰与心理幸福感研究

Religiousness and Psychological Well-being in Chinese Marriageable Single Women

目的考察宗教信仰对适婚单身女性心理幸福感的影响,以及婚姻态度在两者间的中介作用。方法2016年7—8月,采用方便抽样方法,通过网络渠道(微信、QQ、专业调查网站)发放问卷,调查25~45岁未婚单身女性。采用基督徒宗教性量表、Ryff心理幸福感量表中文修订版和Braaten婚姻态度量表中文修订版进行调查。结果共收集358份问卷,有效问卷300份,有效回收率为83.8%。有无宗教信仰与适婚单身女性的Ryff心理幸福感量表得分无相关性(P>0.05),与个人成长、生活目标维度得分均呈正相关(P<0.05),与自我接纳维度得分呈负相关(P<0.05);有无宗教信仰与适婚单身女性的Braaten婚姻态度量表得分、一般婚姻观念和对自我婚姻的评价或展望维度得分均呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,适婚单身女性的婚姻态度对心理幸福感有正向预测效力(P<0.05)。中介作用结构方程模型与路径分析表明,控制年龄、学历、月收入对心理幸福感和婚姻态度的影响后,基督徒适婚单身女性的婚姻态度对心理幸福感具有正向影响(β=0.394,P<0.001),其宗教性对婚姻态度和心理幸福感均具有正向影响(β=0.506,P<0.001;β=0.216,P<0.05),进一步采用Bootstrap(N=1 000)估计法进行中介效应的检验,结果显示,基督徒适婚单身女性的宗教性对心理幸福感的标准化间接效应估计值为0.199[95%CI(0.055,0.528)],标准误为0.091,间接效应显著(P<0.05);标准化直接效应估计值为0.216[95%CI(-0.123,0.404)],标准误为0.122,直接效应不显著(P>0.05),婚姻态度在基督徒适婚单身女性宗教性与心理幸福感之间起完全中介作用。结论适婚单身女性的心理幸福感与有无宗教信仰无相关,但与婚姻态度密切相关,宗教信仰通过婚姻态度影响基督徒适婚单身女性的心理幸福感。

Objective To investigate the impact of religiousness on the self-reported psychological well-being,and to explore the mediating role of marital attitude between the two in Chinese marriageable single women. Methods From July to August in 2016,using convenient sampling,the Chinese single women at the age of 25-45 were selected and surveyed through network channels（ We Chat, QQ, professional survey website） by questionnaires [Christian Religiosity Scale, Ryff＇ s Psychological Well-Being Scale（ Chinese revised version）,Marital Attitude Scale developed by Braaten（ Chinese revised version） ]. Results A total of 358 received the questionnaire survey. Of them,83. 8%（ 300/358） returning responsive questionnaires were selected as the final subjects. Being religious or not didn＇ t show significant correlation with the marriageable single women＇s general psychological well-being（ P〈0. 05）,but believing Christ showed significantly positive correlation with their personal growth purpose in life（ P〈0. 05） and negative correlation with their self-acceptance（ P〈0. 05）; being religious showed significantly positive correlation to marriageable single women＇s marital attitude,as well as the two dimensions,general marriage conception self-marriage expectation（ P〈0. 05）. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that marriageable single women＇s marital attitude could positively predict their psychological well-being（ P〈0. 05）. The mediating effect structural equation model and path analysis showed that after controlling the effects of age,educational level and income on psychological well-being and marital attitude,Christian marriageable single women＇ s marital attitude had significantly positive impact on their psychological well-being（ β = 0. 394,P〈0. 001）,their religiosity had significantly positive impact on their marital attitude as well as psychological well-being（ β = 0. 506,P〈0. 001; β = 0. 216,P〈0. 05）,then Bootstrap（ N= 1 000） estimation method was used to test the mediating effect,it showed that the value of the standardized indirect effect of Christian marriageable single women＇ s religiosity to psychological well-being was 0. 199 [95% CI（ 0. 055,0. 528） ]（ SE= 0. 091）,indicating that the indirect effect was significant（ P〈0. 05）; the value of the standardized direct effect was 0. 216[95% CI（-0. 123,0. 404） ]（ SE = 0. 122）,indicating that the direct effect was not significant（ P〈0. 05）. Therefore,marital attitude plays a full mediating role between Christian marriageable single women＇ s religiosity and psychological well-being. Conclusion The Chinese marriageable single women＇s psychological well-being is not significantly correlated with being religious or not,but closely correlated with their marital attitude,and Christian belief impacts on the psychological well-being mainly by marital attitude.