对牛河梁遗址第二地点遗迹年代的认识

A chronosequence analysis of the relics in the second site of the Niuheliang Site

牛河梁遗址第二地点遗迹由早至晚的发展顺序应为:(1)下层灰坑阶段(N2Z4H1);(2)下层圆形冢敷石墓阶段;(3)上层圆形冢与祭坛阶段(N2Z4B、N2Z3);(4)上层方形冢阶段(N2Z4A、N2Z2、N2Z6、N2Z1);(5)后上层冢阶段(N2Z4、N2Z5)。目前对"第二地点中心大墓"的提法并不严谨,牛河梁第二地点积石冢各墓葬并不共时,不存在哪一座墓,足以统领其他所有墓葬的情况。传统上,红山文化祭祀以"坛、庙、冢、台"这样四类典型遗迹来概括认识,但是红山文化绵延近两千年,这四类建筑也不是共时的。红山文化祭祀传统的变迁值得再深入研究。

The development of the relics in the second site of the Niuheliang Site should be five stages： （1）lower ashpit stage （N2Z4H1） ; （2） the lower Circular Mound tomb on stage; （3） the upper circular mound with the altar stage （N2Z4B,N2Z3） ; （4） the upper square mound stage （N2Z4A ,N2Z2,N2Z1） ; （5）the layer mound stage （N2Z4, N2Z5）. Currently,the name of ^Central large tomb^was not ex-act. The relics in the second site of the Niuheliang Site are not of the same period. And thewhich is powerful enough to guide all other tombs . Traditionally,the sacrifice relics of Hongshan is altar,temple or tomb. But the Hongshan Culture lasts for nearly two thousand years and this sacrifice relics are not of the same period,either. Change of traditional ritual of Hongshan culture is worth in-depthstudy.