LCA法在木本生物柴油清洁生产评估方面的应用研究

Evaluation of cleaner production of woody biodiesel using LCA method

生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种能全程评估产业链和产品环境影响、资源消耗、净能效率的重要方法,近年来得到了越来越多的关注,也开始被用于生物柴油清洁生产领域,能为产业可持续提供决策依据。对木本生物柴油的LCA体系、评估模型与方法、国内外木本生物柴油LCA研究现状进行了综述。结果显示:木本生物柴油在燃烧阶段相比石化柴油具有清洁排放的优点,但整个生命周期的排放未必清洁,主要与我国燃煤发电、化肥和辅料生产排放有关;木本生物柴油产业作为低碳产业,温室效应和能源消耗均低于石化柴油,整个生命周期中以种植和生产阶段的排放和消耗最大并针对性提出改进措施;未来我国木本生物柴油生命周期评价应通过建设产业标准数据库、更多注重不同原料不同工艺的对比评估、兼顾经济性和生态服务功能的评估进一步拓展木本生物柴油研究的深度和广度。

Life cycle assessment（ LCA） is considered as an important method for evaluating industrial chain and products environmental effects,resource consumption and net energy ratio. Nowadays,the method has got more and more attention and begins to be used in the field of biodiesel cleaner production for providing decision basis about sustainable development of industrialization. The LCA system of woody biodiesel,evaluation models and methods,related research status at home and abroad were introduced.The results showed that in the combustion phase,woody biodiesel was more cleanly than petroleum diesel,but was not in the all life phases,mainly related to coal-fired power generation emissions,fertilizer and accessories production emissions. As a low-carbon industry,the greenhouse effect and energy consumption of woody biodiesel were lower than that of petroleum diesel,the maximum emission and consumption stage were planting and production stages. For reducing consumption and emissions,the improvement measures were put forward. The further research on LCA of woody biodiesel in China should be broadened through the construction of industrial standard database,comparative evaluation among different raw materials and production processes,evaluation of economic and ecological service functions.