我国研究型大学本科生学习成果的影响机制——兼论大学生学习经验的特殊性

The Impact Mechanism of the Undergraduate Learning Outcomes in Research Universities in China

基于院校影响模型,问卷调查了我国研究型大学本科生学习经验,进而采用结构方程模型分析了学习成果的影响机制。结果表明,对我国研究型大学本科生学习成果产生积极影响的主要因素有教学方式方法的效果、学生主动学习、大学教育对能力与素质的强调程度、学生满意度、学业任务以及时间分配。尊重学生的专业志愿,提升其专业兴趣,对学生学习成果和人生发展都有非常重要的影响;多元教学方式方法的使用、师生互动或教学要求等有效教学行为只有对学生满意度,尤其是其主动学习行为产生积极影响,才能促进学习成果的提升。研究结果一定程度揭示了我国大学生学习经验的特殊性。

Based on campus impact models and the database of the undergraduate student learning experience survey, this study explores the impact mechanism of student learning outcomes in research universities in China through structural equation modeling. The result indicates that the improvement of learning outcomes of Chinese students depends more on instruction effects of the faculty than student engagement, while the instruction exerts larger direct effects on learning outcomes than active learning behaviors of students themselves; students who study in their first choice major show more interests in their professional learning, which leads to positive effects on their learning outcomes and career development; multiple ways of instruction, student-faculty interaction or other instructional behaviors are inclined to have indirect positive effects on learning outcomes.