运动锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复的干预效果

Effect of exercise intervention for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种具有气流受限特征,可以预防和治疗的慢性疾病。该疾病患病率和病死率较高,且严重影响患者的生命质量,给患者家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担。运动锻炼可以改善COPD患者的呼吸困难和疲劳状况,提高运动能力、肌肉力量和生活质量,还能减少住院率。研究表明,不同类型的运动锻炼对COPD的干预效果存在差异,如步行锻炼可以改善COPD患者的身体功能和运动耐受性,传统抗阻运动锻炼可以改善COPD患者的上下肢肌肉强度和运动能力。本文综述了不同类型的有氧运动和抗阻运动对不同病程COPD患者的干预效果,强调了运动处方个性化的重要性,并讨论了运动风险和规避方法,为慢阻肺患者的运动康复提供指导性建议。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） is a chronic,preventable and treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation. The disease has higher prevalence and mortality which seriously affects the quality of life in patients and brings a heavy financial burden to patient＇s family and society. Exercise can improve the dyspnea and fatigue condition of COPD patients,exercise capacity,muscle strength and quality of life,but also reduce the hospitalization rate. Studies shows that different kind of exercise have different intervention effect on COPD,for example,walking can improve the body function and exercise tolerance of COPD patients,traditional resistance exercise can improve the lower limb muscle strength and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. The article reviews the different types of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise intervention for patients with COPD of different courses,emphasizes the importance of personalized exercise prescription and discusses the moment of risk and aversion methods, provides a guidance for sports rehabilitation of patients with COPD.