NSF材料科学十年——基金项目分布及趋势变化分析

Past Decade of NSF Material Science:An Analysis of Layout and Trend of Funded Projects

结合文本挖掘技术与定量分析方法,以美国国家科学基金会(NSF)材料学部2007~2016年十年基金资助项目为分析数据,从项目的资助机构分布、重点资助方向、资助类型等角度开展统计分析,展示了学科总体资助趋势变化与重点资助项目构成。同时利用隐形语义模型和K-means++聚类算法对项目申请书摘要进行主题分析,并使用回归拟合分析项目主题的投入金额变化趋势,直观展现了项目主题十年间的发展变化趋势。通过基于数据的统计分析与文本挖掘分析,客观地呈现了NSF材料学部资助项目的发展轨迹、现状与未来发展趋势。研究发现,NSF材料学部的资助金额近年来呈持续下降的趋势,2011年之后几乎不再资助大型研究中心与大型仪器设备;在通过聚类分析方法发现的47个材料领域项目主题中,NSF对材料相关仪器设备的投入不论是资助金额还是资助数量均远高于其他项目主题,尤其重视射线光源和显微镜成像等材料相关表征设备。从主题的资助金额时序中可以看出,"晶体生长"和"界面研究"两个主题在过去几年内的资助金额增长最为迅猛,可能是材料领域近期的资助热点。

This paper combines text mining technology and quantitative analysis methods to analyze the funding data of National Science Foundation （NSF） projects between 2007 and 2016. Research is conducted from the perspective of funding priority ,funding distribution, topic structure and discipline to analyze the NSF scientific research layout and developmental trend in the field of materials science, revealing the direction and key points of scientific development. From an objective view of point, observing the distribution of leading scientific research, Latent Semantic Analysis （LSA） and K-means ＋ ＋ clustering algorithm are used to cluster project abstract applications to further analyze research trends. Regression analysis is also used show the change in the trend of research investments, offering an in - depth view of the developments and changes of research topics over the past 10 years. The research shows the amount of funding provided by NSF materials division has declined in the past 5 years, the funding for research centers and large equipment also has reduced since 2011 ;47 research topics are discovered by using clustering algorithm. Further analysis discovers that NSF invested more money in equipment -related topics, particularly X -Ray light source and microscope. As observed from the trend of funding,funding of 2 topics, i. e. ＂Crystal growth＂ and ＂interface research＂, increased rapidly in the past 5 years. It is likely that these two are to be the hot topics in materials research.