卧龙自然保护区大熊猫空间利用格局动态变化特征

Dynamics of the space use patterns of giant pandas in Wolong Nature Reserve

野生动物在长期的栖息地选择过程中,能判断其生境质量,进而趋向于选择既能降低能量消耗,又能获得营养价值和能量净收益较高的有利生境。以往的研究多是从统计学方法或宏观尺度对大熊猫生境进行评价,很少考虑到野生动物自身生物学特性及生境选择过程中的空间利用特征。本研究结合家域模型与景观格局分析技术定量分析大熊猫实际空间利用格局的动态变化特征及其破碎化程度,进而反映不同时期大熊猫生境选择模式及栖息地生境适宜性的动态变化。结果表明:卧龙自然保护区大熊猫在对栖息地的实际利用过程中向更适宜的区域集中,使得高适宜等级区域面积有所增大;而边缘生境区域更容易受到自然灾害和人为因素的干扰,破碎化加剧,需要在保护工作中引起足够的重视。从大熊猫行为模式特征出发,在不同时空尺度上,评估大熊猫对生境选择的空间格局变化特征,丰富了野生动物栖息地适宜性评价的时空尺度选择,为更准确地制定保护区管理政策提供了有效的工具。

In the process of long-term habitat selection,wildlife tend to choose more suitable habitats in order to reduce energy consumption and consume foods with higher nutritive value,resulting in a net energy benefit and increased survival.Previous statistical methods and macro-scale assessments of giant panda habitat have not fully considered the ecological characteristics of wildlife habitat and space utilization.This paper applies a home range model and landscape patterns analysis techniques to quantitatively analyze dynamics of spatial distribution and fragmentation of giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve.This study advances methods of habitat suitability assessment by evaluating spatial patterns characteristics at multiple probabilities of use,such as 25%,50%,75% and 95%.The results indicate that the population tended to concentrate in more suitable habitat,and that the edges of the habitat area are more vulnerable to disturbance by natural disaster and anthropogenic factors,and need additional protection efforts.On the basis of giant panda behavior traits,we evaluated changes in the spatial patterns of giant panda habitat selection and demonstrated the value of incorporating spatial selection into wildlife habitat suitability evaluation.This study provides the scientific basis for further protection and management of wildlife habitat.