成年雌性短尾猴的社会联系强度及影响因素

Social bond strength and its influencing factors in adult female Tibetan macaques(Macaca thibetana)

灵长类动物社会中,个体间的社会关系是维系群体稳定的重要基础,也影响个体的寿命和繁殖成功。本研究以栖息于安徽黄山的短尾猴YA1群为对象,采用焦点动物取样法和行为取样法观察成年雌性个体在交配期(2015.9-2015.12)和非交配期(2016.3-2016.5)的社会行为,通过理毛和近距行为计算社会联系强度,探讨群体成员之间的社会关系及影响因素。结果表明:在交配期和非交配期,雌性短尾猴的社会联系强度无显著差异(t=0.181,P=0.857);亲缘关系和社会联系强度呈显著正相关(交配期:r=0.534,P=0.001;非交配期:r=0.469,P=0.001);个体间的等级距离和社会联系强度呈显著负相关(交配期:r=-0.288,P=0.014;非交配期:r=-0.238,P=0.048);年龄差异和社会联系强度无显著相关性(交配期:r=-0.176,P=0.181;非交配期:r=-0.192,P=0.151)。本研究提示成年雌性短尾猴个体间会形成稳定的社会关系,亲缘关系和等级顺位是影响个体之间社会关系的重要因素。

In many primate species,social bonds between individuals play an important role in their population stability.Strong social relationships can lead to a longer life span and reproductive success for individuals.In this study,we utilized the focal animal sampling method and the behavioral sampling method to collect data on adult female Tibetan macaques（Macaca thibetana）of one wild group（YA1）at Mt.Huangshan National Park,China.The behavioral observation was done throughout mating（September-December,2015）and non-mating（March-May,2016）seasons.To investigate the social bond strength between adult females and its influencing factors,we synthesized grooming and proximity behavior to score the social bond strength.We found that the social bond strength between individuals was not significantly influenced by seasons（t=0.181,P=0.857）.Kinship was significantly positively correlated to social bond strength（Mating season：r=0.534,P=0.001;Non-mating season：r=0.469,P=0.001）,whereas rank distance was negatively correlated to social bonds（Mating season：r=-0.288,P=0.014;Non-mating season：r=-0.238,P=0.048）.Age difference was not significantly correlated to social bonds（Mating season：r=-0.176,P=0.181;Non-mating season：r=-0.192,P=0.151）.Our study confirmed that the social bond strength between adult female Tibetan macaques was stable,and kinship and dominance rank significantly influenced social bond strength.