人工辅助投食滇金丝猴一雄多雌单元之间的等级序列

Dominance hierarchy for one-male units in a group of provisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)

群居灵长类动物等级序列是长期进化的结果,也是动物行为生态学研究的热点。灵长类动物个体间通过等级序列,合理的利用自然资源、避免过多的伤亡、保护群体内的幼弱者,从而更好地适应复杂的生态环境。2013年6月至2014年1月,采用焦点动物取样法对白马雪山国家级自然保护区人工辅助投食滇金丝猴群的6个一雄多雌单元之间等级序列进行了研究。通过对一雄多雌单元之间攻击—屈服行为数据分析发现:一雄多雌单元之间存在明显的等级序列(大个子单元>单疤单元>红脸单元>联合国单元>偏冠单元>花唇单元);单元之间成年雄性的攻击行为多于成年雌性;单元之间的等级序列与取食次数、第一序位取食总次数呈显著正相关,与各单元取食总时间无明显相关性;同时,一雄多雌单元之间的等级序列与单元内成年雌性数量呈显著正相关。研究结果符合群居灵长类动物攻击—屈服假说和资源优先占据—雌性高序列偏好假说。

Dominance hierarchies are the result of long-time evolution for group living primates,and were widely noticed by researchers of animal behavioral ecology.By forming dominance hierarchies between individuals and one male units（OMUs）,animal more efficiently use natural resources,avoid excess casualties,protect infants and weak individuals,and adapt to the complex ecological environment.We studied the dominance hierarchy for OMUs within a group of provisioned Rhinopithecus bieti in Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve via focus animal sampling from June 2013 to January2014.We analyzed aggressive-submissive behaviors and feeding superiorities among six OMUs.The results shown that the rank order for each OMU is lineal,which DGZ〉DB〉HL〉LHG〉PG〉HC（unit name）.Males initiated the aggressive behaviors more frequently than did females.The feeding frequency and first order of feeding sequence were significantly associated with the dominance hierarchy among OMUs for the provisioned group.However,there was no significant correlation with each unit＇s total feeding time.This study also suggested that OMUs＇ dominance hierarchy was related to the number of females in an OMU.The results conform with the aggressive-submissive hypothesis and dominate resources-female higher-hierarchy preferences hypothesis.