七个切花红掌品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐低温能力评价

Physiological response to low temperature stress and comprehensive evaluation of low temperature tolerance among seven cut Anthurium andraeanum cultivars

以7个切花红掌(Anthurium andraeanum)品种为供试材料,研究了低温胁迫对其离体佛焰苞与叶片形态以及叶片的质膜相对透性、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性等指标的影响。在此基础上,运用逻辑函数方程计算半致死温度(LT_(50)),运用隶属函数法计算隶属函数值,并根据两者结果分析各品种耐低温的能力。结果表明,经6°C低温处理48 h后,切花红掌品种‘火焰’、‘热情’和‘米多蕊’冷害症状最轻,‘干杯’和‘玛丽西亚’冷害表现居中,‘趣味’和‘天使’的冷害表现最重;随着低温处理时间的延长,各切花红掌品种的相对电导率(REC)以及丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量逐渐上升;抗氧化酶活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,且增幅与到达峰值时间点不同。各品种的LT_(50)在-7.19～-5.21°C之间,各指标隶属函数在0.017～0.981之间。根据各指标的相关性分析,REC、MDA含量、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性5个生理生化指标可作为切花红掌耐低温能力的评价指标。通过综合评价和聚类分析法对各品种进行耐低温排序,将其分为3个等级:‘火焰’、‘热情’和‘米多蕊’耐低温能力最强,‘干杯’和‘玛丽西亚’次之,‘趣味’和‘天使’耐低温能力最弱,这与佛焰苞和叶片的冷害表现结果一致。

Seven cultivars of cut Anthurium andraeanum were used to investigate the effect of low temperature stress on isolated spathe and leaf morphology, relative membrane permeability, contents of osmotic solutes, activities of antioxidant enzymes and other indicators. Semi-lethal temperature（LT_（50）） was calculated using logistic equation, subordinate function value was calculated using subordinate function method, and the low temperature tolerance of seven cultivars was evaluated comprehensively by them. The results show that after 48 h treatment under 6°C, chilling injury symptoms of ‘Fire＇, ‘Tropical＇ and ‘Midori＇ were the lightest, ‘Cheers＇ and ‘Marysia＇ were in the middle, and ‘Spice＇ and ‘Angel＇ were the hardest. In addition, with the treatment time of lower temperature prolonged, relative electric conductivity（REC） and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） and osmotic solutes increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes increased firstly, then decreased, and both the increases and time for arrival of the peak value were different. LT_（50） was between –7.19°C and –5.21°C, and the membership function was between 0.017 and 0.981. Based on correlation analysis among the indices, it was shown that REC, contents of MDA and soluble sugar and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and peroxidases（POD） could be used as indices to evaluate low temperature tolerance. Using subordinate function values and cluster analysis to low temperature tolerance of all varieties, the cultivars were divided into three grades： low temperature tolerances of ‘Fire＇, ‘Tropical＇ and ‘Midori＇ were strongest, those of ‘Cheers＇ and ‘Marysia＇ were in the middle, and those of ‘Spice＇ and ‘Angel＇ were weakest, which was the same as result of symptoms of chilling injury.