尼采是一个无神论者吗——尼采宗教肖像的消解与重构

A Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Nietzshe's Religious Image as an Atheist

尼采是一个无神论者吗?尼采是一个真正的"反基督者"吗?这在国际学术思想界一直是一个悬而未决、争论不休的问题。其实,尼采既不是一个无神论者,也不是一个真正的反基督者。尼采的"未识之神"意味着人是一个神爱的对象,其潜台词是热爱地球,忠实于大地。从虔敬神、诅咒神到杀死神,再从梦神、寻神到造神,充分折射出尼采百折不挠的精神和永不懈怠的追求。尼采不仅肯定耶稣"最深刻且最崇高的爱",而且也拥护基督教对人的真理的肯定。尼采一边把虚无主义称作"西方的佛教"或"第二个佛教",一边试图从印度佛教的东方思维中寻找旨在克服虚无主义的新视点。通过区分"被动的虚无主义"与"能动的虚无主义",尼采从看似否定现实的东方虚无主义中,发现了反形而上学的倾向乃至对现实的肯定态度,进而发现了发展未来哲学的新的可能性。

Is Nietzsche an atheist?Or is Nietzsche a real antichrist?This has been a vexed issue in the international academia.This paper shows that Nietzsche was neither an atheist nor a true antichrist.Nietzsche's word‘the unknown God’means that person is an object loved by God,its subtext is the love of the earth,or the faithful to the earth.From revering God,cursing God to killing God,from the dream of God,seeking God to creating God,Nietzsche fully presented an indomitable spirit of climbing and never slackened our efforts to pursue.Nietzsche did not only sure Jesus'word‘most profound and most noble love’,but also supported the Christian affirmation of human truth.While Nietzsche called the nihilism‘Western Buddhism’or‘Second Buddhism’,he tried to find a new point of view to overcome nihilism of Buddhism from India Oriental thinking.By distinguishing between passive nihilism and active nihilism,Nietzsche from seemingly real negative oriental nihilism found antimetaphysical tendency of reality and even a positive attitude to reality,and then discovered a new possibility to develop the philosophy of the future.