基于能力剥夺视角的农村动态多维贫困研究——以山西省为例

Research on Dynamic Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Areas Based on the Perspective of Personal Capability Deprivation: A Case Study of Shanxi Province

能力贫困、动态贫困和多维贫困能够较为准确、全面地识别和反映贫困,因地制宜、精准施策是提高扶贫成效的关键。文章利用2010—2012年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)山西省农村成人面板数据,基于个人能力剥夺视角对山西省县域农村多维贫困进行测度,通过定序Probit模型探索其演变机理。研究发现:(1)山西省农村县域多维贫困差异不明显,这从理论上支撑了将扶贫攻坚主战场从贫困县转变为集中连片特困地区的合理性。(2)从事农业的农村人口更易陷入多维贫困,这成为农村劳动力持续转移的诱因。(3)当前有工作的农村人口摆脱贫困的可能性较大,应促进有能力的农村贫困人口就业,稳步有序推进新型城镇化。(4)绝对收入和相对收入对多维贫困产生的影响不显著,在精准扶贫过程中应区别对待"收入贫困"和"多维贫困"。

Capability poverty, dynamic poverty and multidimensional poverty can identify and reflect poverty more comprehensively and accurately. Accurate poverty reduction is the key to improve the effectiveness of the poverty reduction. Using the adult panel data of Chinese Family Panel Studies （CFPS） from 2010 to 2012 in rural areas of Shanxi Province, the paper measures the multidimensional poverty based on the perspective on personal capability deprivation, and analyzes its evolution mechanism using the ordered probit model. The result shows that： （1） The difference of multidimensional poverty in rural areas of Shanxi Province among counties is not statistically significant, which supports the necessity of focusing on contiguous destitute areas instead of poor counties; （2） the rural population who is occupied in agriculture is more easily falling into multidimensional poverty, which is becoming the reason for labor transfer in rural areas; （3） the rural population who has a job is more likely to get rid of poverty, and the government should advance the new urbanization steadily and orderly to promote the employment of the poor rural population; （4） absolute income and relative income do not have an appreciable impact on multidimensional poverty transition, ＂income poverty＂ and ＂multidimensional poverty＂ should be treated differently in the process of the poverty reduction.