生态系统服务价值估算与生态补偿机制研究——以北京市怀柔区为例

Study on Service Values of Ecosystem Evaluation and Ecological Compensation Mechanism: Taking Huairou District of Beijing as an Example

基于实地调研访谈,对北京市怀柔区的生态资源现状、存在问题及补偿情况进行分析;基于生态服务理论基础,选择当量因子法评估了怀柔区的生态系统服务价值,并测算了生态服务的外溢价值。研究发现:第一,怀柔区仅在森林和水资源领域实施了生态补偿,补偿范围覆盖不全;补偿资金来源单一,主要来自国家和北京市(1.14亿元,占67.2%)。第二,怀柔区的生态系统服务价值极高(937.93亿元),是2015年地区生产总值的4倍;水资源生态服务价值最大;森林年均吸收CO2的可交易价值高达45.36亿元,占GDP的19.4%。第三,怀柔区生态服务价值向周边地区的外溢效应很大(409.76亿元),但现有补偿过低。最后,从怀柔区、北京市、国家三个层面提出完善生态补偿、实现生态资源保值和增值的政策建议。

Based on the field survey and face-to-face interview, we analyzed the situation, problems and compensation mechanism of ecological resource. According to ecological theory, we calculated the service values of ecosystem of Huairou district by using value equivalent factor, and measured the value spillovers of ecological service. Research findings are as follows. Firstly, ecological compensation policy is only implemented in forest and water resource areas of Huairou district. The problem is that compensation coverage is not comprehensive. Ecological compensation funds mainly come from central government and Beijing municipal government （114 million CNY, accounting for 67.2%）. Secondly, service values of ecosystem of Huairou are very high （93 793 million CNY）, which is fottr times the size of GDP. Among the total value, water resource service values of ecosystem is the highest. And, for Huairou, the tradable value of CO2 absorbed by forest per year reaches 4 536 million CNY, which occupies 19.4 percentage of GDP. Thirdly, service values of ecosystem for Huairou that outflow to surrounding areas are generally up to 40 976 million CNY. Hence, the current ecological compensation is too lower. Finally, some recommendations are put forward to improve ecological compensation mechanism and to maintain and even increase the value of ecological resources from perspectives of Huairou, Beijing, and the central government respectively.