剪切式爆炸螺栓火工冲击作用解耦试验及特性

Decupling Test and Characteristic of Pyrotechnic Shock Effect of Shear Type Explosive Bolt

为了辨识剪切式爆炸螺栓冲击产生的来源,设计了有预紧力、无预紧力、无活塞剪切和仅火药燃烧四种不同状态的爆炸螺栓,实现了火药燃烧、活塞剪切薄弱面、活塞行程末端碰撞和预紧力释放四种冲击源的解耦,利用压阻加速传感器测量其在60 cm×60 cm×1 cm的等效铝板上距冲击源中心15 cm处的响应加速度,以此计算出了各冲击源的冲击响应谱,并与整个事件的冲击响应谱进行对比分析。结果表明,不同冲击源的特性不同,火药燃烧诱导的冲击主要表现为高频,而活塞剪切薄弱面和活塞行程末端碰撞引起的冲击集中在中低频。在整个频域内,预紧力释放是整个冲击响应输出的主要贡献者,大约占57.51%,而火药燃烧、活塞剪切和活塞碰撞三个冲击源的贡献相当。

To identify the shock generated sources of shear type explosive bolt, four kinds of explosive bolts with different states in- cluding preload, no preload~ no piston shear and only propellant combustion, were designed. The decoupling of four kinds of shock sources including the collision of propellant combustion, piston shear weak surface, end of piston stroke and preload re- lease, was realized. Their acceleration response at 15 cm from the shock source center on 60 cm×60 cmxl cm equivalent alumi- num plate were measured by using the piezoresistive accelerometer. On this account, the shock response spectrum of various source was calculated and compared with the overall shock response spectrum. Results show that the characteristics of different shock sources are different, the shock induced by propellant combustion is mainly caused by high frequency, While the shock caused by the collision of the piston shear weak surface and the end of piston stroke is concentrated in medium and low frequency. The preload release is major contributor to the overall shock response output,accouunting for approximately 57.51% ,while the contributions of three shock sources of propellant combustion, piston shear and piston impact are equivalent.