农民合作社梯次民主现象研究

Research on Democratic Control of Farmers' Cooperatives

"民主控制"是国际合作社联盟列出的合作社七原则之一。随着我国合作社不断发展,核心成员控制合作社话语权的治理模式突破了这一原则。依据调研,成员享有的民主权利事项分为入社自愿和退社自由、选举理事长、制定章程以及对生产经营中重大事项的决策四个层面,通过探寻不同层面上普通成员享有的和让渡的民主权利范围,发现在合作社内部,成员享有的和让渡的民主权利范围呈现差异性,概念化为"梯次民主",梯次攀升,民主程度增加,成员享有的民主权利从"进出权"到"选举权",再到"决策权",权利范围逐步扩大,让渡的民主权利范围随之缩小。目前,我国多数合作社仍处于低层次"民主梯次",造成此种现象的原因主要是民主成本过高影响效率,资本主导合作社发展给予了出资人充分话语权,成员不"自为"与风险不共担。

＂Democratic member control＂is one of the seven principles given by the International Co-operative Alliance.However,there is governance structure,not following the principle,appearing in the reality in China.Based on the field research,it illustrates the democratic rights the members have and different democratic expressing ways,proposing＂Democracy in echelon＂.With democratic level higher,the scope of democratic rights members have expands.At present,most Cooperatives＇ democracy model is still in the low level.The reasons are as follows：high democratic cost,cooperatives led by capital empowering the investors,and members not acting by themselves or sharing risks.