串列风力机三维尾流场的实验研究

Experimental study of three-dimensional wake of tandem wind turbines

为了提高风电场效率,减小上游风力机尾流对下游风力机的影响,风电场中风力机的布置形式尤为重要.利用轴流式风机提供来流风速,使用三维超声波风速仪获得两台100 W水平轴风力机在不同串列间距时的尾流场速度分布及尾迹流动扩散规律.结果表明:在同一测量断面上随着径向距离的增大,轴向速度先增大后减小;随着串列间距的增大,相同测量断面上轴向速度逐渐增大,径向速度的波动幅值和频率减小,切向速度波动幅值减小.当径向距离为2倍风轮半径时,尾流流场中切向速度的波动幅值相差不大;串列间距不变时,随着轴向距离的增大,轴向速度逐渐增大,且速度变化幅度逐渐趋于平缓,速度峰值也由风轮中心沿径向向外推移,径向速度和切向速度的波动幅值减小.上游风力机的存在使得尾流流场中径向速度和切向速度的波动幅值增大,同时使得下游风力机输出功率减小.风电场规划中应尽量避免风力机串列布置.

In order to improve the efficiency of wind-farm and reduce the impact of upstream wind turbine wake on downstream wind turbine,reasonable arrangement mode of wind turbines on wind-farm is especially important.Axial fans were employed to provide the oncoming wind speed and the distribution of wake velocity and the diffusion pattern of wake flow of two 100 W horizontal-axis wind turbines with different tandem intervals were obtained by using three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer.The result showed that the axial velocity would increase first and then decrease with the increase of the radial distance in the same measurement section.With tandem interval increasing,the axial velocity would gradually increase,the fluctuation amplitude and frequency of radial velocity would decrease,and the tangential velocity fluctuation amplitude would reduce in the same measurement section.The fluctuation amplitude of tangential velocity in the wake would remain almost the same when the radial distance was 2 times of wind turbine rotor radius;the axial velocity would gradually increase and the velocity variation amplitude would gradually become gentle when the tandem interval was constant.Also,the location of axial velocity peak from the center of the rotor and the fluctuation amplitude of radial and tangential velocity would reduce.The existence of upstream wind turbine would make the fluctuation amplitude of radial and tangential velocity in wake increased and the power of downstream wind turbine reduce.Therefore,the tandem arrangement of wind turbines should be avoided as possible in wind-farm planning.