上海市两个新老社区“空巢老人”储药情况及用药习惯调研

Survey on Drug Storage and Medication Habits of the Empty-nest Elderly from 2 New and Old Communities of Shanghai

目的:为更好地开展针对"空巢老人"的安全用药干预提供依据。方法:选取上海市浦东新区花木街道两个经济收入水平和文化水平不同的社区——新型社区A和传统社区B,采用整群抽样的方法分别抽取69和110位"空巢老人"作为调查对象,对其储药情况及用药习惯等进行问卷调查,并就调查数据进行统计和分析。结果:两个新老社区分别发放问卷69和110份,回收有效问卷44和63份,有效回收率分别为63.8%和57.3%。传统社区B受访居民家庭储药率高于新型社区A(100%vs.88.6%,P=0.010);两个社区受访居民家庭将药品储存于抽屉的比例均最高(59.0%和57.1%);两个社区受访居民家庭近一半没有形成定期清理储存药品的习惯,传统社区B储存药品清理频率相对高于新型社区A(P=0.009);对于过期药品,两个社区受访居民家庭有超过70%选择扔到垃圾桶,仅有约11%选择将药品回收到药店或社区卫生服务中心。新型社区A受访居民有阅读药品说明书习惯的比例高于传统社区B(95.5%vs.77.8%,P=0.024);新型社区A受访居民遇到用药疑惑时咨询社区医师的比例低于传统社区B(56.8%vs.76.2%),而咨询大医院医师的比例高于传统社区B(34.1%vs.9.5%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。新型社区A受访居民最需要的健康服务是开通用药咨询热线(65.9%),而传统社区B受访居民最需要的健康服务是定期检测血压血糖并建立健康档案(41.3%);新型社区A受访居民在开通用药咨询热线、宣传疾病与用药知识、举办讲座3项上的需求比例均高于传统社区B(P<0.001,P=0.006,P=0.018)。结论:两个社区空巢家庭储药率很高,但药品储存方式、清理频率等不够理想,仍有少部分老年人没有阅读药品说明书的习惯,新老社区的相关情况存在着一些差异,同时,新老社区的健康服务需求也有所不同。

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for better carrying out safe medication intervention for the empty-nest elderly.METHODS：Two communities with different levels of income and culture were collected from Pudong New District of Shanghai,i.e. new community A and traditional community B. By cluster sampling,69 and 110 empty-nest elderly were selected as respondents respectively. The questionnaire survey about drug storage and medication habits of the elderly was conducted. The data of the survey were analyzed statistically. RESULTS：A total of 69 and 110 questionnaires were sent out,and 44 and 63 questionnaires were recovered with effective recovery rate of 63.8% and 57.3%,respectively. The rate of drug storage in families from traditional community B was higher than new community A（100% vs. 88.6%,P=0.010）. The proportions of residents in two communities storing their drugs in special drawers were the highest（59.0% and 57.1%）. Nearly half of the surveyed households in 2 communities did not form the habit of regularly clearing stored drugs. The frequency of residents who cleared stored drugs in traditional community B was higher than those in new community A（P=0.009）. Nearly more than 70% of the residents threw their expired drugs to garbage and only 11% to drug stores or community health service center. The proportion of residents who were used to reading drug instructions in new community A was higher than traditional community B（95.5% vs. 77.8%,P=0.024）. The proportion of the residents consulted community doctors when they were puzzled by drug use in new community A was lower than traditional community B（56.8% vs. 76.2%）;The proportion of the residents consulted physicians in major hospitals was higher than traditional community B（34.1% vs. 9.5%）;there was statistical significance（P=0.034）. The most popular health service for the residents in the new community A was the hotline for the drug use（65.9%）,while the residents in traditional community B needed blood pressure and sugar monitoring service and set up the health records（41.3%）. The proportion of the residents＇ following demands in new community A was higher than traditional community B：opening drug use hotline,publicizing the knowledge of diseases and medication and conducting lectures（P〈0.001,P=0.006,P=0.018）. CONCLUSIONS：The proportion of drug storage in empty-nest families of two communities is in very high level,but drug storage methods,cleaning frequency are not satisfactory. There are still a small number of elderly people who do not have the habit of reading drug instructions. There are some differences between the old and new communities. At the same time,the needs of health services in new and old communities are different.