共享变私享:共享单车的困境及其治理之道——基于集体行动理论的视角

From Co-sharing to Private Possession: Shared Bike's Dilemma and its Governance: Based on the Theory of Collective Action

随着我国市场经济的转型升级与深入发展,共享经济开始兴起并在整个社会迅速蔓延。共享单车作为当前最主要的共享经济载体,在深刻改变社会成员出行方式和消费结构的同时也面临着损毁率高、违规停放与使用等困境,如何对数量庞大的共享单车进行有效治理成为了突破困境的关键。运用共享单车市场调查大数据,同时基于集体行动理论,对当前我国共享单车的现状和困境进行有效分析发现,当前共享单车的治理主要依靠市场治理模式,而市场治理模式下的"公地悲剧"、"囚徒困境"与"集体行动逻辑困境"是导致其困境的主要原因。因此,应从政府治理、自主治理、多中心治理等维度加强对共享单车的规范管理。

With the transformation, upgrading and in-depth development of China＇s market economy the sharing economy began to rise and spread rapidly throughout the Chinese society. The shared bike as the most important shared economic carrier while profoundly changing the way of travel and consumption structure of social members, it is also confronted with the difficulties of high damage rate, illegal parking and use, so how to effectively manage the large number of shared bike has become the key to break through the dilemma. Using the Shared bike＇s market survey data and based on the theory of collective action it can effectively analyzes the current situation and dilemma of shared bike in China. Through the analysis, we can find that the management of the current shared bike mainly relies on the market governance model, and the ＂tragedy of the commons＂, ＂prisoner＇s dilemma＂ and the ＂collective action logic dilemma＂ under the market governance mode are the main reasons leading to its predicament. On this basis, from the government governance, self-governance, multi-center governance and other dimensions can be shared on the management of the corresponding recommendations.