山西省2015年细颗粒物的污染状况和空间分布

Spatial distribution and pollution variation of fine particulate matter at urban area from Shanxi Province in 2015

大气污染因其对人体健康、生态环境和气候变化的影响而成为全球关注的环境问题,细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))是雾霾产生的主要原因之一。为全面掌握山西省细颗粒物的污染状况与空间分布格局,本文运用统计学方法和Arc GIS技术,根据环境空气质量评价技术规范,对2015年山西省57个空气质量指数监测站提供的PM_(2.5)实时数据进行处理分析。结果表明:山西省PM_(2.5)的浓度有明显的季节性变化特征,由高到低依次为冬、春、秋、夏;PM_(2.5)月平均浓度最高值分别出现在1月和12月,且高值中心都位于运城;在空间分布上则表现为南部高于北部。全省11个地市级城市有9个超过国家二级标准,超标指数达到72%。聚类分析结果表明:山西省城市可以分为两大类,一类为产业结构转型良好的城市,如阳泉、朔州、吕梁、大同;另一类为第二产业发展粗放,工业污染严重的区域。

Background, aim, and scope Atmospheric pollution in China has become a serious environmental problem because of its significant influences on human health, ecological environment and climate change. Fine particulate matter（PM2.5） is a major cause of haze, which can result in urban air quality problems, especially reduced visibility and health problems. PM2.5 can be stay in the atmosphere for a long time, and can be transported to distant places through winds. Shanxi Province located in the middle of China. Due to rapid increase in motor vehicles and energy consumption during recent decades, serious air quality problems take place in Shanxi Province. In the study, we collected the daily PM2.5 data from Shanxi Province in 2015, and analyzed the PM2.5 distribution in Shanxi Province. This study provides useful information for pollution control strategy in Shanxi Province. Materials and methods This study aims to analyze the data of PM2.5 provided by 57 monitoring stations of air quality index（AQI） in Shanxi Province, using Arc GIS and the clustering analysis method, referring to the Technical Code of Air Quality Assessment. Results The results showed that： the concentration of PM2.5 shows seasonal change. Overall, PM2.5 concentration decreases from winter to summer. PM2.5 peak concentration occurs in January and December. Generally, Yuncheng city has the highest PM2.5 concentration. The spatial distribution of PM2.5 decreased from southern to northern Shanxi Provence. The PM2.5 from nine cities was higher than the secondary standard of Air Quality Assessment and 72% larger than the standard value. The cities can be divided into two categories according to clustering analysis of PM2.5. One category includes Yangquan, Lüliang, Shuozhou, Datong cites, which have well-developed secondary industry. The other category includes Taiyuan, Jinzhong, Xinzhou, Yuncheng, Changzhi, Jincheng and Linfen, which have extensive industrial restruction and seriously industrial pollution. Discussion The data of AQI show that the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in Shanxi Province can divided two categories, which indicates that the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in Shanxi Province has a certain relationship with its geographical location, and regional atmosphere. Conclusions The results show that the pollution situation is more serious in the southern Shanxi with the most serious pollution in winter. Recommendations and perspectives The southern part of Shanxi Province need timely management, and the northern region in some areas have to be slightly managed.