不同电极材料对电火花加工表面粗糙度影响的试验研究

Experimental Study on Surface Roughness of the EDM by Using the Different Electrode Materials

为了研究不同电极材料对加工表面粗糙度的影响,选用紫铜、石墨和钨铜合金三种电极,在煤油和混粉介质两种工作液中,设定电压为35V、脉冲宽度和脉间宽度均为50μs,用1A、5A、10A、15A等四种电流进行试验,对比分析加工工件的表面粗糙度,得出在煤油介质中紫铜电极加工的表面粗糙度最小、混粉介质中钨铜合金电极加工效果最好的结论;对表面形态和再铸层分析,得出石墨电极加工因再铸层区域厚导致表面粗糙度较大、钨铜合金电极加工的再铸层厚度较小使得表面粗糙度值较低等结论,为生产实践中电极材料选择提供试验依据。

To study the surface roughness by using different electrode materials, the author chose copper, graphite and tungsten copper alloy working in kerosene and mixed powder. The set voltage is 35V, pulse width and intrapulse width are both 50μs. The surface roughness of pracessing warkpieces can be got through comparative analysis by using current of 1A, 5A, 10A, 15A. The conclusion is that the surface roughness processed by copper electrode in kerosene is minimum, the effect of tungsten copper alloy electrode in mixed powder is the best. As to the surface morphology and remelt layer, the surface roughness processed by graphite elctrode is bigger because of the thickness of theremelt layer, the surface roughness processed by tungsten copper alloy is low because of the smaller thickness of the remelt layer. This paper can provide the experimental basis for the selection of electrode materials in production practice.