辽宁省森林枯落物现存量及其持水性能

Reserves and Water Holding Characteristics of Forest Litter in Liaoning Province

枯落物层是森林涵养水源功能的第二作用层,在森林水文功能中发挥着重要的作用.采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对辽宁省主要森林类型的枯落物现存量、厚度、分解现状、最大持水率、拦蓄量以及吸水速率进行研究.结果表明:不同森林类型的枯落物现存量介于8.53~37.51t/hm^2,平均现存量为16.92t/hm^2;枯落物厚度介于2.3~6.6cm,平均厚度为4.0cm.不同森林类型枯落物最大持水量变化范围为16.57~66.69t/hm^2,大小顺序为云冷杉>落叶松>针叶混交林>桦木林>其它针叶类>红松>其它阔叶类>阔叶混交林>针阔混交林>栎类>樟子松>杨树>油松.各森林类型枯落物未分解层的最大持水率为127.87%~225.59%,半分解层的最大持水率为182.22%~233.50%.各森林类型枯落物的有效拦蓄量为11.76~32.03t/hm^2,且针叶林枯落物平均有效拦蓄量(23.52t/hm^2)明显大于阔叶林(15.51t/hm^2).回归分析表明,枯落物持水量与浸水时间符合关系式y=aln x+b,吸水速率与浸水时间符合关系式S=axb.

The forest litter has the vital significance in the forest hydrology function. Using the methods of field investigation and laboratory immersion, the reserves, thickness, maximum water holding capacity, water absorption rate and interception of the litter under different forest types in Liaoning Province were studied. The results showed that the litter reserves ranged from 8.53 to 37.51t/hm^2 averaged 16. 92t/hm^2 the thickness of litter ranged from 2.3 to 6.6cm averaged 4. 0 cm in different forest types. The maximum water holding capacity ranged from 16. 57 to 66.69t/hm^2, with a decrease order of Spruce-fir forest 〉 Larix gmelini forest 〉 Coniferous mixed forest 〉 Betula forest 〉 Other coniferous forest 〉 Pinus koraiensis forest 〉 Other broadleaved forest 〉 Broadleaved mixed forest 〉 Coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest 〉 Quercus forest 〉 Pinus Sylvestris forest 〉 Populus forest 〉 Pinus tabuliformis forest. The maximum water holding rate of the un-decomposed layer ranged from 127.87% to 225.59% and the half-decomposed layer ranged from 182. 22% to 233.50%. The modified interception ranged from 11.76 to 32. 03t/hm^2, followed the order coniferous forest （ 23.52tJhm^2 ） 〉 broadleaved forest （15.51t/hm^2 ）. Regression analysis showed that the relationship between water holding capacity （y） and immersion time （x） could be expressed with y = a In x ＋ b, and the relationship between absorption rater（S） and immersion time（x） could be expressed with S =axb .