纳米材料对混凝土耐久性和功能性影响研究

Study on influence of nano-material on durability and functionality of concrete

为了探究纳米混凝土耐久性和功能性研究的进展与困境,对不同种类纳米材料对混凝土耐久性和功能性的影响进行了分类整理和分析,并对纳米材料在混凝土中的应用前景进行了展望。研究发现:(1)纳米材料可以有效改善混凝土孔隙结构,并且参与混凝土水化,从而提高混凝土的抗冻、抗渗、抗冲磨、抗腐蚀等耐久性能;(2)纳米材料的掺入还可以使混凝土产生压敏导电性能、光催化自清洁性能以及电磁屏蔽性能,具有广阔的应用前景;(3)目前纳米混凝土存在纳米材料造价较高且过量掺加会使优化效果降低的问题。因此,从经济和性能两方面考虑,纳米材料在混凝土中的掺加存在一个最优掺量。最后给出了两个典型工程案例介绍纳米混凝土在水工建筑物中的成功应用,为纳米材料在混凝土中的应用提供有价值的参考。

In order to explore the progress and difficulty of the study made on the durability and functionality of nano-concrete, the influences from different kinds of nano-materials on the durability and functionality of concrete are sorted and analyzed herein, while the prospect of the application of nano-material to concrete is expected as well. The study finds out that （ 1 ） nano-material can effectively improve the pore-structure of concrete and participate in the hydration of concrete, thus enhance the durability per- formances of concrete, such as frost resistance, anti-seepage, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. ; （2） if nano-mate- rial is mixed into concrete, the concrete can generate the performances of pressure-sensitive electrical conductivity, photo-catalyt- ic self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding, thus has a wide application prospect; （3） the problems are there for nano-con- crete at present, i.e. the cost of nano-material is higher, while if it is excessively mixed into concrete, its optimized effect is to be lowered. Therefore, under the consideration of economy and performance, an optimal mixing amount is there for mixing nano- material into concrete Finally, the successful application of nano-concrete to the construction of hydraulic structure is described through two typical engineering cases, so as to provide valuable references for applying nano-material to concrete.