基于社会机会函数的中国沿海地区包容性增长研究

Research on the Inclusive Growth of China's Coastal Regions——Based on the Social Opportunity Function

包容性增长是确保所有人公平享有社会机会的一种经济增长方式。基于社会机会函数,采用机会曲线、机会指数和机会公平指数,分别从省级和市级层面测度中国沿海11省市2000—2014年的财政、教育、医疗、就业和生态机会,并给各项机会赋权得出包容性指数,结果显示:从机会的包容性来看,沿海地区财政机会在市域及省域之间均有较大差距;教育机会减少的同时教育机会包容性呈现逐渐低水平化趋势;医疗机会增长较快,具有良好的包容性趋势;就业机会相对稳定;生态机会趋于平等。从机会的地区性来看,沿海地区包容性指数整体水平在提高,江苏省呈全面均衡的包容性状态,但沿海地区整体而言未实现包容性增长。最后文章对政府如何实现沿海地区的包容性增长及反贫困提出了相关政策建议。

Inclusive growth is a form of economic growth to ensure that all people have a fair access to social opportunities. This term was first proposed by the Asian Development Bank in 2007. Many countries have effectively solved the problem of poverty through inclusive growth. At present, our country is in the overall construction of a well- off society of the great goal of the sprint stage, with the poverty problem to be solved. Under the background of anti- poverty in China, eliminating poverty and achieving inclusive growth is the direction of current development. However, the research of inclusive growth in China is still in a single indicator, which is easy to ignore the internal differences in the regions and other issues. The coastal regions have the economic base to eliminate poverty and achieve inclusive growth. Therefore, based on the social opportunity function, this paper uses the opportunity curve, opporamity index and equity index of opportunity to measure the opportunities of financial, education, medical treatment, employment and ecology respectively in China＇s coastal regions from 2000 to 2014 from the municipal and provincial levels. By Giving these opportunities weights to get a comprehensive inclusive index, this paper analyzes the comprehensive inclusive index from the temporal and spatial dimensions. Along with the rapid economic growth in the coastal regions, The gap between the urban and provincial governments in the coastal regions was large, and the increase of the financial average opportunity had weakened the fairness of the society. The educational opportunities were reduced and the degree of inclusion was high, but the gap between the urban scale opportunities was widening and the educational opportunities were inclusive. Medical treatment opportuinties grew faster with a good inclusive trend. Besides, job opportunities kept relatively stable, and ecological opportunities tended to be equal. All the opportunities had increased in the time dimension, and Jiangsu Province was in a comprehensive and balanced inclusive state, but the coastal regions did not achieve inclusive growth. This paper also puts forward the suggestions of decision-making for the government to achieve the inclusive growth of the coastal provinces and cities.