新疆重点城市建设用地扩张与人地配置协调性分析

Characteristics of Urban Built-Up Expansion and Coordination of Man-Land Allocation in the Major Cities in Xinjiang

以新疆20个重点城市为研究对象,运用GIS技术和数理统计方法对新疆1990—2016年城市建设用地扩张的时序特征、区域差异进行分析,并通过计算1990—2013年人均用地约束构建协调性系数和经济弹性系数,探讨新疆城市发展的人地配置协调性。结果表明:(1)新疆城市建设用地面积持续增大,扩张速度呈现出明显的波动性和阶段性特征。(2)新疆城市建设用地的扩张过程存在显著的区域差异,天山北坡城市扩张幅度最大,南疆城市扩张速度最快,东疆和北疆城市的扩张过程相对平稳。(3)通过评价新疆城市人地配置协调性,发现土地—人口之间的协调关系以土地扩张型为主,土地—经济之间则主要处于协调发展状态;整体上,人地配置协调程度不高,且呈减弱趋势,有必要实施有力措施,实现城市建设用地高效利用。

Xinjiang has become the focus for the rapid change of urban built-up, population growth and economic development since the Great Western Development, Counterpart in Xinjiang, and One Belt and One Road policies were issued. Analyzing the characteristics and rationality of urban built-up expansion is highly significant to evaluate the influence of national policies, optimize the allocation of land resources and facilitate the implementation of new urbanization. This study analyzes the temporal-spatial characteristics of urban built-up expansion in the major cities in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2016, using GIS technology and statistical methods; and calculates the elastic coefficient among urban built-up expansion, population growth and economic development between 1990 and 2013 in order to research the coordination of man-land allocation. The research results show that： （1） The scale of urban built-up has increased continuously, while the speed shows dramatic volatility with periodic feature. （2） The urban land expansion in four regions manifests apparent differences. The expansion of urban built-up in the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain was largest, while that in Southern Xinjiang cities was the fastest, however, cities in Eastern and Northern Xinjiang had a relatively steady urban sprawl process, （3） The connection between urban built-up expansion and population growth was weak, whose dominant type was the pattern of urban built-up expansion. The relationship of urban sprawl and economic development was on good terms. Overall, the coordination of man-land allocation is weak and being degraded, which necessitate the implementation of strong measures so as to construct the cities more efficiently.