门诊糖尿病患者体重及膳食结构调查

Investigation of Body Weight and Dietary Structure in Outpatients with Diabetes Mellitus

目的调查门诊糖尿病患者膳食结构及营养健康状况,为更好地进行糖尿病个体化饮食指导及健康管理提供依据。方法采取随机抽样问卷调查方法,对我院内分泌科门诊成人糖尿病患者(18岁及以上)进行调查,了解身高、体重、腰围、24 h膳食情况,共计204份问卷。结果 (1)糖尿病患者营养不良比例占54.41%,其中营养过剩(超重和肥胖)占52.94%(108/204),营养不足(消瘦)者占1.47%(3/204);(2)糖尿病患者中心性肥胖占44.11%,男性患者中中心性肥胖占37.5%(42/112),女性患者中中心性肥胖占52.17%(48/92);(3)24 h膳食调查情况:与中国居民膳食指南推荐作为对照,糖尿病患者蛋、奶摄入偏少,平均日摄入牛奶(69±95)mL;平均日摄入蛋(0.463±0.5367)个;肉类摄入随年龄增长逐渐减少,老年人肉类摄入减少较青年人明显(P<0.01);零食类食物摄入,老年人较青中年人多(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病患者尤其是老年患者膳食结构和营养状况有待于改善,需要采取有效措施改善糖尿病患者的饮食结构及营养状况。

Objective To investigate the dietary structure and nutritional status of diabetic patients,and to provide evidence for better dietary guidance and health management.Methods Using rando m sampling questionnaire survey method,adult diabetes endocrinology clinic patients（18 years old and above） in our hospital were investigated.A total of 204 questionnaires survey on height,weight,waist circumference,24 hour dietary were investigated.Results The proportion of malnutrition in patients with diabetes（54.41%）,includes excess nutrition（overweight and obesity） accounted for 52.94 %（108/204）,malnutrition（thin）accounted for 1.47%（3/204）.Diabetes patients with central obesity account for 44.11%,central obesity in male patients accounted for 37.75%（42/112）,and central obesity in female patients accounted for 52.75%（48/91）.24 hours of dietary survey showed that with the Chinese residents＇ dietary guidelines recommended by contrast,diabetes patients taking fewer eggs,milk,average daily intake of（69±95） ml milk,average daily intaking（0.463±0.5367） eggs.Meat intake reduced gradually along with the age growth,The intake meat of elderly human was significantly lower than that of young people,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）;Snack food intake in the elderly group was more than young and middle-aged,and there was statistically significant difference（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Patients with diabetes especially in elderly patients with dietary structure and nutrition conditions remains to be improved,and need to take effective measures to improve the diabetes diet and nutritional status.