六种食用蜻蜓稚虫营养成分分析和评价

Nutrition composition and evaluation of six edible dragonfly naiads

以云南省和贵州省采集到的6种常见食用蜻蜓为材料,采用凯氏定氮法、索氏提取法、蒽酮比色法、氨基酸自动分析法、原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)法分别测定了6种蜻蜓稚虫的基本营养组成、氨基酸、矿质元素和脂溶性维生素的含量,评价其营养价值。结果显示,6种蜻蜓稚虫平均水分含量为81.17%,干基蛋白质、脂肪、糖和灰分的平均含量分别为65.62%,9.80%、3.01%和5.47%,氨基酸组成合理,符合WHO/FAO提出的优质蛋白条件,主要限制性氨基酸为Met+Cys和Trp,与全鸡蛋蛋白质贴近度为0.59~0.66。富含各类人体必需矿质元素,尤其是Ca和Se,脂溶性维生素中分别测定出0.252~3.859mg·kg^(-1)的α-生育酚,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、氨基酸组成合理和富含矿质元素的特点,营养价值较高,具有开发利用前景,但需注意部分种类体内检测出重金属元素超标。

To utilize the resource of edible dragonflies scientifically,we analyzed and valued the nutritional composition of six common edible dragonfly naiads collected in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces of China.The contents of protein,oil,carbohydrate,moisture,ash,amino acid,mineral element and fat soluble vitamin were analyzed by Kjeldahl method,Soxhlet extration method,anthrone colorimetry method,auto analysis of free amino acid method,atomic absorption method,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method（ICP-MS）and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The results showed that the average content of moisture of six common edible drangonfly naiads were 81.17%,the average contents of protein,oil,carbohydrate and ash were 65.62%,9.80%,3.01% and5.47% respectively from dry basis.Their amino acid composition fits the ideal protein pattern established by WHO/FAO,and the limiting amino acids were Met＋Cys and Trp.The closeness degrees of protein of six common edible drangonfly naiads to egg protein were 0.59-0.66.They were rich in mineral elements,especially Calcium and Selenium,and as high as 0.252-3.859mg·kg^-1 α-tocopherol was detected in six specimens.Edible dragonflies have prospects of development and utilization,but it should be noted that some heavy metal elements in some species exceed the standard.