中国老年人健康寿命及其省际差异

Health Expectancy of Chinese Elderly and Provincial Variabilities

利用2010年第六次全国人口普查数据计算了全国和各省老年人健康预期寿命。分析发现,在低龄期尽管女性寿命更长,但女性健康期比男性更短,不健康期比男性更长;到了高龄期,在女性寿命相对男性更长的情况下,女性无论是健康期还是不健康期均比男性都要长;而女性不健康寿命或生活不能自理寿命的比例明显高于男性;无论在哪个确切年龄,男性的健康平均分值均高于女性,且随着年龄的增长,这种差异在迅速减小。65岁男性预期寿命最长的是北京,女性预期寿命最长的是上海;男性预期寿命最短的是云南,女性最短的是甘肃。然而,如果看健康寿命的话,男性和女性健康寿命最长的均是上海,健康寿命占预期寿命比例最高的均是广东。无论是男性还是女性老年人,健康寿命最短、健康寿命所占比例最低的都是西藏和甘肃。生命质量指数最高的是广东,其次是上海、福建和浙江;最低的仍然是西藏和甘肃。

Health expectancies of the elderly in nation and provinces were calculated based on the 2010 census data. It is founded that, at lower exact age, healthy duration for elderly women was shorter than that of elderly men even though elderly women had a long life expectancy ; at higher exact age, as women had much higher life expectancy, women experienced both longer healthy duration and unhealthy duration than men. The unhealthy proportion for women was higher than that of men. The mean score for measuring healthy status was higher for women than men, but its difference was shrinking as age increased. The highest life expectancy of age 65 happened in Beijing for males and in Shanghai for females, while the lowest life expectancy happened in Yunnan for males and in Gansu for females. However, the highest healthy life expectancy happened in Shanghai for both males and females. The highest proportion for healthy duration appeared in Guangdong. For both males and females, the lowest healthy life expectancy and its proportion were founded in both Tibet and Gansu. The highest index of quality of life happened in Guangdong, as well as Shanghai, Fujian, and Zhejiang, while the lowest was still in Tibet and Gansu.