是谁推动了中国女性就业?——国有企业与外资企业的比较研究

Who is More Effective to Promote the Chinese Women's Employment?——The State-owned Capital V. S. the Foreign Capital

利用中国工业企业数据库1995~2008年数据进行实证分析,讨论了国有企业和外资企业在推动中国女性就业方面不同的作用效果与机制。研究发现:国有企业的业务扩张和投资回报可以推动女性以及高学历或高技术职称的高端女性的就业,但是外资企业的业务扩张在推动女性及高端女性就业方面没有实质性作用;两种类型的企业的工资水平都刺激了女性尤其是高端女性的就业,但是国有企业的福利水平仅仅促进了高端女性就业,对普通女性的就业反而产生挤出效应;国有企业和外资企业出口的增加都催生更多的女性以及高端女性就业机会;外资企业的创新行为有效并极大地推动了女性和高端女性的就业,而国有企业在这方面表现偏弱。

Using Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database data （1995 -2008 years）, we discuss the mechanism of state -owned capital enterprises and foreign capital enterprises in the promotion of Chinese female employment. Our research shows that the expansion and investment returns of state - owned capital enterprises are able to promote the ordinary women＇ s and high - end women＇ s employment, but the expanding scale of foreign capital enterprises does not have a substantial increase in women＇ s and high - end women＇ s employment. Meanwhile, two types of enterprises in wage increase have stimulated the women＇ s especially high - end women＇ s em- ployment, but the state - owned enterprise capital welfare increase only stimulates the high - end women＇ s employment, and there is a crowding out effect on the ordinary women＇ s employment,and state -owned enterprises＇ and foreign capital enterprises＇ export lead to more women and high - end women＇ s employment. Furthermore, innovation behavior of foreign capital enterprises is more effective to promote women and high - end women＇ s employment, and the state -owned enterprises＇ performance in this area is a little weak.