中共在陕甘宁边区执政问题研究——以抗日民主政权和"三三制"为中心

A Study of CPC Governance in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region:With a Focus on the Anti-Japanese Democratic Regime and the "Three-Thirds System"

抗日战争初期,中共将陕甘宁苏维埃政权改为抗日民主政权,并实行彻底的民主制度,在实现民主政治方面走在了国民党的前面,赢得了不同阶层的赞同与支持。为了把中共政权真正改革为"几个革命阶级"联合专政的政权,在政权的人员组成上,毛泽东提出了"三三制"的原则。为解决非党人士"有职无权"的问题,一方面,中共在进行"党政分开"的改革后,在政府机关中设立党组加强党对政府工作的领导;另一方面,定期召开党外人士座谈会作为"三三制"政权的一种补充。一些地方精英通过选举、聘请的方法,进入边区各级政府和参议会中,重新获得社会的尊重,能够为中共政权服务,也为中共赢得了较好的社会声誉。中共在新民主主义革命时期不断地制度创新,是中共取得革命胜利的重要原因之一。

At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the CPC transformed the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region into an anti-Japanese democratic regime and implemented a thoroughly democratic system. In the process of realizing democracy, it went ahead of the Kuomintang and won support from various levels. In order to reform the CPC regime to establish a joint leadership of ＂several revolutionary classes,＂ Mao Zedong put forward the principle of the ＂three-thirds system＂ on the basis of the composition of the region. On the one hand, to solve the problem of non-party members ＂having careers but no power,＂ after the reform of ＂the separation of the party and government＂, the CPC established a party organization to strengthen leadership of government work ; on the other hand, the CPC regularly held forums for non-party people as a supplement to the ＂three thirds system. ＂ Some local elites, through elections and appointments, participated in the border government and councils at all levels, regained social respect, served the CPC regime, and succeeded in improving their reputation in society. The CPC＇ s continuous systemic innovations during the period of the new democratic revolution were one of the important reasons for the victory of the CPC revolution.