服刑人员权利意识变迁的社会学研究

Sociological Study on the Changes in Right Consciousness of Prisoners

以主位视角代替规则分析,从服刑人员的主体出发对服刑人员的权利意识问题的探讨表明,在总体性社会结构作用下,传统监狱与服刑人员之间是一种权威的服从关系,权利的实现是由监狱单方面自由决定的,被作为一种特别的"恩惠"式奖赏和关照。伴随着社会转型,社会的个体化特征凸显,瓦解了以往总体性要求的价值体系,导致了个体寻求自身存在的意义乃至道德理想,服刑人员开始主张自己的权利,权利意识实现了从"恩惠"到"支配"转变。这种转变的实现以及权利保护问题的提出,一方面需要个体对自身的固有权利具有强烈的支配意识,另一方面则要求其他社会成员或社会群体对他人的这种权利支配意识给予充分的尊重和承认,这一点同时也是对自身权利支配意识的承认和尊重。此外,主张权利的自由,不能与过度维权相混淆,司法机关还要谨防服刑人员在维护自身正当权利的过程中从"维权"到"谋利"的质变。

This paper substitutes the theme perspective for the rule analysis,i.e.explores the issues of the right consciousness of prisoners from the perspective of prisoners themselves,and attempts to promote the realization of prisoners＇ rights.According to our research,under the overall social structure,it was an obedient relation between the traditional prison and its prisoners.The realization of rights was merely decided by the prison and was seen as a＂graceful＂favor.With the social transformation,the social individualization becomes a prominent feature.Since the individualization disorganizes the original value system,individuals begin to deliberate the meaning of life and their moral ideals,and to claim their rights.In that case,the rights consciousness achieves the transformation from ＂favor＂to＂manipulation＂.This transformation requires a kind of manipulative consciousness of individuals themselves on the one hand;and on the other hand,requires true respect and acknowledgement of this manipulative consciousness of others.In addition,the freedom of rights can not be confused with excessive rights protection,and the judicial organs should beware of the qualitative change of prisoners in the process of safeguarding their legitimate rights from ＂rights protection＂to＂profit seeking＂.