革命与民俗:1949年夏鲁中南地区的抗旱与祈雨

Revolution and Folklore: Drought Resisting and Rain Praying in the Middle and South Region of Shandong in 1949

1949年夏,在鲁中南区生产救灾与抗旱运动中出现了令基层政府始料不及的群体事件——民众普遍的敬天祈雨行为,在短时间内迅速演化而成一场抗旱与祈雨的双幕剧。将祈雨置于革命初胜时复杂的自然与社会生态中考察,可以发现在人与自然关系、敌我矛盾、党群关系、上级指示与下级执行中诸多尖锐问题之本质,有助于理解革命初胜时鲁中南区的复杂政治生态与社会心态,也能为理解新中国建立前的鲁中南区域社会提供一个新的视角。在应对祈雨事件的过程中,新的思想观念——"只有依靠共产党,才能战胜天灾""生产必须领导"进一步强化并确立下来,取代了敬天祈雨、靠天吃饭等群体心理,实现了旧俗与新风的嬗变继替。

An unexpected mass incidents--rain praying appeared generally when disaster relief by pro- duction and drought relief movement developed in the middle and south region of Shandong in the summer of 1949. Then rain praying and drought relief movement constituted double drama rapidly in a short period of time. If placed rain praying under the complex natural and social ecological environments when the revolution just won, we could find that many acute problems and the complex relationship between man and nature, con- tradictions between the people and the enemy, the relationship between the party and the masses, instructions from the higher level and lower level implementation. It was helpful to understand the complex political ecology and social psychology of the middle and south region of Shandong on the eve of revolution victory. It is provided a new perspective to understand the middle and south of Shandong regional society of Shandong. In response to rain praying events, new ideas such as ＂to conquer the natural disaster by relying on the Communist Party＂ and ＂production-must-be-lead＂ strengthened and set down further. The old ideas such as rain praying and de- pendent on the weather were replaced. Then the old customs and new fashions transformed successfully.