青海省黄南藏族自治州棘球蚴病流行情况调查

Epidemiological investigation on echinococcosis in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province

为了解青海省黄南藏族自治州棘球蚴病的流行情况,于2012年6-8月,在青海黄南藏族自治州河南县、泽库县、尖扎县、同仁县等4县各随机抽取2~3个乡(镇),对1岁以上常住居民进行B超检查,调查人群患病情况。采用内脏剖检法调查羊棘球蚴病情况,ELISA检测现场随机采集的无主犬棘球绦虫粪抗原。结果显示,B超检查共11 231人,检出棘球蚴病患者77例,患病率为0.69%。不同地区中以泽库县棘球蚴病患病率最高,为2.12%(68/3 213),其次为河南县(0.26%,9/3 430)。女性棘球蚴病患病率为0.72%(44/6 094),略高于男性的0.64%(33/5 137)。各职业人群中以牧民棘球蚴病患病率最高,为0.83%(61/7 338)。不同年龄组中以50~59岁、60~69岁和30~39人群棘球蚴病患病率较高,分别为1.25%(9/721)、1.96%(13/663)和0.91%(24/2 637)。不同文化程度中以文盲和小学文化程度人群棘球蚴病患病率较高,分别为0.66%(18/2 709)和0.79%(59/7 432)。不同居住方式以冬季定居夏季游牧人群棘球蚴病患病率最高,为1.10%(70/6 391),其次为游牧人群(0.62%,6/965)。不同地区、年龄段、居住方式及文化程度间的患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但不同性别、职业间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。共检查羊3 525头,棘球蚴检出率为2.13%(75/3 525)。不同地区的羊棘球蚴检出率间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采集无主犬粪共1 282份,棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率为11.70%(150/1 282)。不同地区的犬粪抗原阳性率间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。提示黄南州人群棘球蚴病患病率较高,羊棘球蚴检出率和无主犬棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性率较高。

To analyze the prevalence of hydatid disease in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai, two to three villages were randomly selected in each of the Henan County, Jianzha County, Tongren Coun- ty, and Zeku County in Huangnan of Qinghai. Ultrasound examination was performed for local residents aged 〉 1 year. Animal echinoeoecosis was investigated by visceral anatomy, and ELISA was used to detect echinococeosis antigen in fecal samples of stray dogs. In this study, a total of 11 231 residents received ultrasound examination, of whom 77 were positive for hydatid cysts with a morbidity rate of 0.69%. The prevalence of hydatid disease was highest in Zeku County （2.12%, 68/3 213）, followed by Henan County （0.26%, 9/3 430）. The prevalence of hydatid disease in females was 0.72% （44/6 094）, and 0.64% （33/5 137）, respectively. Among various occupations, the herdsmen had the highest prevalence rate of 0.83% （61/7 338）. Among age groups, the human hydatid disease preva lence rate was relatively higher in populations of 50-59 years （1.25%, 9/721）, 60-69 years （1.96%, 13/663） and 30-39 years （0.91%, 24/2 637）. In addition, the prevalence of hydatid disease was higher in the uneducated （0.66%） and in those at the primary school level （0.79%）. The residents that settled in winter and was nomadic in summer had the highest prevalence （1.10%, 70/6 391）, followed by the nomadic population （0.62%, 6/965）. There were significant prevalence differences in terms of region, age, living style and educational level （P 〈 0.05）, rather than in gender,occupation （P〉 0.05）. Of the l 282 dog fecal samples collected, the fecal antigen positive rate was 11.70%（150/ 1 282）, with a significant regional difference （P 〈 0.05）. Among the 3 525 intermediate host sheep, the hydatid in- fection rate was 2.13% （75/3 525）, with a significant regional difference （P〈 0.05）. The results indicats a hydatid disease morbidity of 0.69% in residents and 2.13% in sheep, and the antigen positive rate in dogs feces is 11.70% in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province.