“营改增”对房地产及其下游产业的减税效应

Analysis of Tax Reduction Effect of Replacing BT with VAT in Real Estate and Downstream Industry

由于"营改增"后计税方式的变动以及不动产沉淀成本存在差异,使得"营改增"政策对行业税负的影响有所差别。本文通过构建税负变化数理模型利用投入产出法测度"营改增"对房地产下游产业的减税效应。研究结果表明:名义税率之差、能够进行增值税进项税抵扣的外购商品、劳务及服务的价值占整个房地产业购买商品和服务价值总额的比重、投入产出比重影响房地产增值税税负;税前扣除项目的变化以及收入确认方式的改变影响房地产企业所得税税负;导致房地产业流转税税负降低,所得税税负增加,但总税负率下降;从投入产出测算结果来看,房地产业对于第三产业向前的关联度较高,意味着房地产业对第三产业比第二产业供给推动效应更大。房地产业"营改增"短期具有减税效应,而长期具有产业分工效应。

The reform of replacing BT with VAT policies have different tax burdens to different sectors due to the variation of taxation methods and the variation of immovable property costs in different sectors. This paper examines the variation of tax burdens in real estate industry after the reform of replacing BT with VAT by building a tax change mathematical model and measures the impacts of policies on the real estate downstream industry through the input-out- put method. It shows that VAT tax rate, the proportion of purchased goods and services and the proportion of interme- diate input altogether influence the real estate VAT tax burdens; BT and VAT tax rate ratio, operating margin influence the real estate income tax burdens. The reform of replacing BT with VAT leads to the total tax burdens decreasing due to the decline of the real estate industry turnover tax burdens, though the income tax burdens increase. From the input- output analysis, the real estate industry has a higher degree of linkage and a greater supply effect to the tertiary indus- try than the secondary industry. Besides, tax burdens of real estate downstream industry fall varying from 0.01% to 0.69%. According to the above, the tax reform of the real estate industry has a tax cut effect in the short term and the industrial division effect in the long term.