中国黑茶的起源与加工工艺

Chinese Dark Tea:Origination and Processing

文章简述了四川黑茶、湖南黑茶、湖北老青砖、云南普洱以及广西六堡等黑茶的历史起源以及文化内涵,指出品质、工艺的独特性以及地域文化的差异造就了不同种类黑茶独特的发展历程;归纳总结了黑茶加工的基本工序及工艺,对比分析得出各地黑茶传统加工工艺的差异在于消费品质导向的不同以及精制过程中特色的紧压工序;结合品质调控以及规模化标准化生产的内在要求,提出对传统工艺的传承与创新以及机械化采制将是今后黑茶加工工艺改进的发展方向。

Historical originations as well as cultural connotations of Chinese dark tea （CDTs）,like Sichuan brick tea,Hunan dark tea,Hubei dark tea,Pu＇er tea and Guangxi Liubao tea were described elaborately in this review.Particularity of the quality and process as well as the regional cultural individuality were pointed out to be the reason that resulted in the different development course of CDTs.Afterwards,technological process of CDTs was combed generally.Processing technology from different producing areas distinguished with each other mainly due to the orientation of consumption customs and the compression process during the refining of CDTs.At the end,taking regulation of quality and standardized production into consideration,innovation as well as inheritance of traditional craft and mechanization of processing would be the development direction in the future.