技术理性批判的逻辑嬗变及其困境:从卢卡奇、马尔库塞到哈贝马斯

Logic Evolution and Dilemmas of Critique of Technological Reason:From Lukács,Marcuse to Harbemas

作为西方马克思主义社会批判理论的主导范式,技术理性批判从卢卡奇的物化批判到马尔库塞的技术理性批判,再延伸至哈贝马斯的交往理性重建的批判逻辑,呈现为一条纵向演进的逻辑轨迹,并在每一个逻辑"节点"及其嬗变中展露出内在的困境。一方面,每一个逻辑"节点"都因为批判与改革的策略的抵牾而使批判自身陷入逻辑僵局;另一方面,批判的总体逻辑进展陷入技术实体主义的困境之中。勾勒和反思技术理性批判的逻辑理路不仅构成其纵深发展的内在逻辑要求,而且对处于现代技术座架下我们审视和反思技术与人的关系,寻求技术解放之途具有重要裨益。

As the dominant paradigm of Western Marxist social critical theory, critique of technological reason displays a longitudinally evolutionary logical track from Lukacs＇s critique of reification, Marcuse＇s critique of technological reason to Harbemas＇s critique of the reconstruction of communicative reason and manifests inner dilemmas in each logical ＂joint＂ and its logical evolution. On the one hand, each logical ＂joint＂ has been trapped in logical deadlock because of contradictions between those critiques and reformatory strategies. On the other hand, the total critical evolution has been trapped in the dilemma of technologi- cal substantivism. Outlining and reflecting the logic of critique on technological reason not only constitutes its inner demand for further development, but is of great value for us under technological Ge-stell to inspect and contemplate the relationships between technology and man and search for the approaches to technological emancipation.