社会资本对村民自主供给公共物品的影响及其长期演进分析

The Influence of Social Capital on the Villagers' Voluntary Provision of Public Goods and Analysis of Its Long-term Evolution

农村公共物品的供给和消费是我国农村经济发展中的重要部分,但经典的公共物品供给理论证明了供给的囚徒困境,导致公共物品无法供给或供给不足,这无法解释我国农村大量的农民在供给公共物品上的合作行为。从社会资本的角度,在演化博弈的框架下,可以证明社会资本作为一种内生的非正式制度,在无形中约束了村民行为,从而促进了村民的合作供给。另一方面,受"放开农村人口自由流动"的政策冲击和面对"大量农民进城务工、农转非"等现实改变,农村社会资本的自我加强和积累过程受到前所未有的威胁。政府在农村的城市化和现代化进程中,不应该忽略或打破农村社会中紧密的关系网络和内在的传统制约力。合理利用社会资本,在长期中促进农村的公共物品供给。

The supply and consumption of public goods in rural areas plays an important role in the development of rural economy. However, the classic theory of supplying public goods proves the prisoner＇s dilemma of supply, resulting in the supply failure or shortage of public goods, which fails to explain many villagers＂ cooperation in supplying public goods in our country. From the perspective social capital and under the framework of evolutionary game, this paper proves that social capital as an en- dogenous informal institution restricts the villagers＂ behavior in an invisible way and so facilitates the provision of public goods. On the other hand, under the influence of the policy of ＂freeing village dwellers to flow＂ and facing the social change that ＂a big number of rural population rushed to cities to do part-time jobs and became city dwellers＂ , the self-reinforcing and accumulating process of social capital in the rural areas is now under unprecedented threaten. In the process of urbanization and modernization, we we should make rational use of social capital and promote long-term supply of public goods in the rural areas instead of igno- ring or destroying the close network and intrinsic restrictive power.