近代医学制度变迁——以中西医社团为视角

Institutional Changes in Medicine in Modern China from the Perspective of Associations of Chinese and Western Medicine

医学社团是医学活动的价值、精神、规范在社会中的合法呈现和外化,也是推动医学发展的重要力量。近代中、西医学社团勃兴,其发展进程,从一个侧面展示了近代中医日渐式微、西医逐渐主导卫生体系的历程,实质也是中医、西医制度变迁的体现。由于民国政府新的政权形式采纳西方模式,西医依靠和运用政府权力逐渐入主行政管理部门,加之在重大传染病突发事件中的出色表现,西医成功实现了适合自身的近代化社会管理制度安排。以南京国民政府卫生部的成立为标志,西医学的制度安排一旦确立,就开始强制性推行西医的体制建构,甚至要废止中医。

Medical Associations serve as a main force the development of medical science and in the promotion of the values,spirit and standards of medical activities.Medical associations for practitioners of both Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） and Western Medicine flourished in modern China,though their development reflected the gradual decline of TCM and the process by which Western medicine came to dominate the health system in modern China.The new regime of the Republic of China adopted a Western model in social governance,and relying on government power Western medicine gradually entered the main administrative departments.In addition to excellent performance in major epidemic prevention,with the establishment of the Ministry of Health in the Nanjing National Government Western medicine succeeded in becoming fully institutionalized.Once this new institution had been established,the government initiated the mandatory implementation of a Western medical system,even considering to abolish Traditional Chinese Medicine.