土地托管的实践与组织困境:对农业社会化服务体系构建的思考

The Practice and Organization Dilemma of Entrusted Land Management: Rethinking on Agricultural Social Service System Construction

在"服务规模化"背景下,通过实地调查,考察了鲁西南W县供销社推动的土地托管模式,试图讨论分散的小规模生产者如何与规模化服务对接的问题。供销社的土地托管不同于一般社会化服务,其不仅涉及服务的供给方和需求方,还涉及村两委和供销社等主体。文中分别考察了四类主体在土地托管中的行动逻辑和动力机制。分析发现,以农资商为代表的农业企业在利润驱动下,最有动力推动土地托管;而村两委和基层供销社的参与动力尚不足。本文认为,只有土地托管产生的收益高于市场,才能解决托管的组织成本问题。县供销社如何进一步推动农民的组织化,以使托管服务产生更高的效益,调动村两委、基层供销社的积极性,是当前土地托管面临的最主要的组织困境。

In the context of the'scaling up of agricultural social services',this research studies the practice of'entrusted land management'(ELM)initiated by the'Supply and Marketing Cooperatives'(SMC)of County Gui located in the southwest of Shandong Province.This study aims to explore how the dispersed small-scale producers connect with the scaled agricultural social services and the predicaments of the ELM practice.Being different from normal forms of the agricultural social services,the ELM initiated by SMC involves not only the suppliers and demanders of social services,but also the village committee and SMC.This paper analyzes the dynamics of the four objects that are directly involved in the ELM,and finds out that the agribusinesses are the ones of highest motivation,whereas the village committee and the SMC are less motivated.It argues that only when the profits of ELM are higher than the market rate,could there be enough benefits to be distributed among these involved objects.The question-how SMC could promote the organization of the small producers so that the ELM could generate more benefits that are distributable-is the most prominent organizational dilemma of the ELM.