3～6岁儿童图画书自主阅读的眼动控制研究

3-6-Year-Old Children's Eye Movement Control in Independent Reading of a Picture Book

探讨儿童阅读图画书时的眼动控制问题有助于了解阅读时的有效眼动模式,为早期阅读教育及预防阅读困难提供证据。本研究以115名3~6岁儿童为对象,采用Tobii T60眼动仪记录儿童在自主阅读图画书过程中的眼动,基于视觉语法理论框架对儿童在图画形象区域上的眼动特征进行分析。结果发现:在限定的阅读时间里儿童大部分时间都在注视图画形象区域,且随年龄增长儿童在图画形象上的注视时间和次数比例显著增加;随面积等级由小到大、语义表征难度由高到低,儿童首次注视图画形象的时间由晚到早,在图画形象上的注视时间由短到长、注视次数由少到多;儿童在图画形象上的回视次数随年龄增长而显著增加,5岁后逐渐在具有语法关系的图画形象之间产生更多回视。

This study aims to explore children＇s eye movement control in their picture book reading, which helps to have an understanding of effective modes of eye movement during reading and provide evidence for early reading and dyslexia prevention. The authors used Tobii T60 to test 115 children aged between 3 and 6 and observe their eye movement during their independent reading of picture books, and based on the theory of visual grammar, analyzed the features of their eye movement. The results show the following： The children observed the pictures most of the time during the limited period of reading, and the older children observed the pictures on significantly more occasions and spent a significantly longer time; as the areas of the pictures were expanded and the difficulty of semantic representation was reduced, the children tended to earlier observe the pictures for the first time, observe the pictures on more occasions, and spend a longer time; and the older children looked back at the pictures on significantly more occasions, and those at or over the age of 5 looked back at the pictures related to visual grammar on more occasions.