北极航线与传统航线航运成本的估算和比较

Estimate and Comparative Analysis on Shipping Cost of the Arctic Shipping Routes and the Traditional Shipping Routes

运用海洋船舶航运成本核算方法,分别估算了船舶经过北极航线和传统航线的航运成本,并对两者的成本优势进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)与传统航线相比,需要破冰服务的情况下,北极航线在燃油费方面可以节约15%左右,而船舶租金和通行费将分别提高36.5%和12.4%左右,总港口使费基本相等,因此,其航运总成本可以节约3.8%左右;在无需破冰服务的情况下,由于没有通行费,其航运总成本可以节约10.2%左右;(2)与传统航线相比,从上海港至俄罗斯、加拿大、美国(东北部)、挪威和英国的港口,船舶经过北极航线均具有成本优势,尤其在无需破冰服务的情况下,其成本优势更大。

The shipping cost of ships via the arctic shipping routes and the traditional ones are estimated respectively by using the marine shipping cost accounting method.And the cost advantages of both of them are analyzed. The main findings are as follows：（1） Fuel cost of ships via the arctic shipping routes is about 15 % less than that of the traditional ones,but charter hire is about 36.5% higher. In the case of the need of icebreaking service,compared with the traditional shipping routes,the shipping cost of ships via the arctic ones will be saved by about 3.8%,but their transit expenses will rise by 12.4%. In the absence of icebreaking service,compared with the traditional shipping routes,the shipping cost of ships via the arctic ones will be saved by about 10.2 % due to no transit expenses.（2） Compared with the traditional shipping routes,using the arctic ones from Shanghai port to ports of Russia,Canada,the United States（northeast）,Norway and the United Kingdom for ships has a cost advantage with or without icebreaking service. Compared with the need of icebreaking service,using the arctic shipping routes from Shanghai port to ports of Russia,Canada,the United States（northeast）,Norway and the United Kingdom for ships has a greater cost advantage than using the traditional ones without icebreaking service.