基于半导体量子点的量子计算

Quantum computation based on semiconductor quantum dots

量子计算是半导体芯片尺寸突破经典物理极限的必然产物,是后摩尔时代具有标志性的技术.利用半导体量子点中电子的量子特性编码量子比特,被认为是最有可能实现量子计算的候选者之一,近年来在量子比特制备、读取和逻辑门操控上取得了一系列的重大突破.本文首先介绍了半导体量子点量子计算研究的背景与意义,随后回顾了基于半导体量子点的电子自旋量子比特、电荷量子比特、新型编码量子比特和量子比特的长程耦合等方面的研究进展,最后讨论了半导体量子点量子计算的发展方向.

Quantum computing is the outcome of the size of semiconductor chips breaking the limits of classical physics,and is a landmark technology in the post-Moore＇s law era. Making use of the quantum properties of electrons in semiconductor quantum dots is believed to be one of the most promising candidates for the realization of quantum computing. In recent years,a series of breakthroughs have been made,including the preparation and readout of qubits,and the manipulation of quantum logic gates. This paper first introduces the background and significance of research on semiconductor quantum dot-based quantum computing and then provides an overview of the developments regarding spin-,charge-,and few-electron-based qubits,as well as the long distance coherent coupling of qubits. Finally,we discuss future trends in semiconductor-based quantum computing.